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Notes about Bacteria

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Notes about Bacteria

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Created by

Brian Pichola
Brian Pichola
United States

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Notes about Bacteria
 

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Notes about BacteriaOnline version

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by Brian Pichola
1

ocean eukaryotes everywhere membrane-bound Archaea nucleus protists smaller

Bacteria are unicellular , meaning they have only 1 cell .
They are , simpler forms of life than ( e . g . animals , fungi , plants , )
They have no organelles ( , ER , lysosomes , etc . )
They live nearly ? in / on other organisms , in ice , in hot springs , at the bottom of the , in rocks , soil , air
There are 2 main kinds : Bacteria and

2

Eukaryotes DNA lipids cell walls bacteria

Archaea live in extreme environments ( temperature , pressure , chemicals ( methane , salt ) )
They are different from in several ways .
Their have different molecules .
The in their cell membranes are different
Their and RNA is different
Archaea are more similar to !

3

cytoplasm proteins tail cell wall facultative aerobes capsule reproduction cell membrane loop plasmid 3 support plants flagellum obligate aerobes nucleus pilli organelles obligate anaerobes one functions

Structures :
The cytoplasm is where most cell take place , since no
The ribosomes make
The DNA is in a and found in the ( no )
A is a small separate piece of DNA
Some have a , which is a long whip like . Some even have more than . Some just slide along on a layer of slime they make
Some bacteria have , which are small structures used for .
Bacteria may have up to layers :
The lets things in and out
The provides structure and and has a different chemical makeup than that of
They might have a third layer called the . It helps them stick together .
Metabolism :
Some bacteria have to have oxygen : ( , e . g . Tuberculosis , leprosy )
Some have to not have oxygen ( , e . g . some Archaea , tetanus )
Some can live with or without ( , e . g . Strep Throat , Staph infections , E . coli )

4

rod-shaped thinner reddish pink 3 cell walls spirillum Spherical purple chain thick Strepto spiral shaped Gram Stain coccus staphylo round bacillus simple complex

Bacteria can be classified in ways : by shape , by colony and by cell wall ( )

Bacteria have many different shapes , but there are 3 common ones . ones have as part of their name , ones have as part of their name and ones are called .

Some , but not all , bacteria stick together in colonies . If they stick together in chains , is a part of their name . If they stick together in clumps , is a part of their name .

We put those together to make a name , e . g . streptococcus is a of bacteria .

Classifying bacteria by their cell wall is done by Gram stain . A series of chemicals are put on it to see what sticks . Because they have different chemicals in their , they stain different colors .

Gram positive bacteria stain . They have a cell wall made of 1 chemical called peptidoglycan in a layer .

Gram negative bacteria stain . They have cell walls with a peptidoglycan layer and other molecules .

5

splits binary fission pill conjugation copies

Bacteria can reproduce asexually and sexually .
Asexually they reproduce by . Their DNA , which is a loop , simply ( 2 only replication forks ) and cell in two
Sexually they reproduce by . Two bacteria exchange DNA with each other through

6

make cell Underuse natural selection Overuse vaccines whooping cough superbugs tuberculosis Misuse before cell Antibiotics viruses immune system survive trait

are medicines that fight bacterial diseases . They stop process , e . g . wall stop growing so bacterium " pops " . Antibiotics won ? t work on because they have no cells or cell processes ! Remember that can work , too , by introducing the to the pathogen , but must be taken infection .

We're finding our medicines aren ? t working any more so diseases like and are becoming more common . This is an example of evolution / . In a population of bacteria , some have a / variation that allows them to not be affected by the antibiotic . They and reproduce more with that resistance ( NOT " immunity " ) . So our drugs won ? t work on those anymore . Bacteria like this are called .

This can happen in one of three ways . is when antibiotics are used when not necessary , like when someone is not sick or is sick with a virus . : is when people don ? t take all the medications because they feel better . This basically kills the weak ones and lets the resistant ones survive and reproduce . happens in agriculture when farmers give antibiotics to healthy animals .

7

Tooth decay food Cyanobacteria nitrogen oil spills vitamins decomposers yogurt bad bacteria digest water DNA

Aside from causing diseases , like , Gonorrhea , Tetanus , Lyme disease , Salmonella , E . coli , Staph infection , and strep throat , bacteria do good things for us , too

They help make : sour cream , cheese , , pickles , vinegar , sauerkraut .
They are used in Medicine : fecal transplants , crowd out
They are in ecosystems
They are part of the Nitrogen cycle ? make it so we can use in our bodies ( , proteins )
They help food .
They help make B and K vitamins
make oxygen through photosynthesis
They are used for bioremediation : used for clean up pollution , and for drinkin g

 
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