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Companies
often
use
to
borrow
money
and
expand
their
operations
,
increasing
potential
returns
but
also
taking
on
more
risk
.
Kevin
bought
a
stock
for
$100
and
sold
it
for
$150
,
earning
$50
in
.
A
mutual
fund
with
a
strong
has
outperformed
the
market
,
providing
better
returns
for
its
investors
.
To
buy
more
stocks
than
she
could
afford
with
cash
,
Kevin
traded
on
,
but
he
faced
higher
risks
due
to
the
borrowed
funds
.
Sarah
invested
in
gold
as
a
against
inflation
and
stock
market
volatility
.
Sarah
purchased
an
contract
to
secure
the
right
to
buy
a
stock
at
a
specific
price
in
the
future
.
The
on
government
bonds
was
lower
this
year
,
so
Kevin
decided
to
explore
other
investment
options
.
When
you
own
part
of
a
company
through
stocks
,
your
investment
is
referred
to
as
.
Traders
use
,
such
as
options
and
futures
,
to
speculate
on
or
hedge
against
changes
in
the
value
of
underlying
assets
like
stocks
or
commodities
.
Kevin
engaged
in
by
taking
advantage
of
price
differences
between
two
markets
to
earn
a
profit
.
During
a
,
investors
are
optimistic
,
and
stock
prices
generally
rise
.
When
the
stock
market
entered
a
,
many
investors
saw
their
portfolios
lose
significant
value
.
Kevin
prefers
investing
in
-
stocks
,
which
are
well
-
established
companies
with
a
history
of
stable
earnings
.
Sarah
used
to
bet
against
a
struggling
company
,
hoping
to
profit
if
its
stock
price
dropped
.
By
practicing
-
,
Kevin
invested
the
same
amount
regularly
over
time
,
regardless
of
market
conditions
.
A
company
?
s
is
calculated
by
multiplying
its
current
stock
price
by
the
total
number
of
its
outstanding
shares
,
providing
a
measure
of
its
overall
value
in
the
market
.
Investors
use
the
-
to
-
to
compare
a
company
?
s
current
stock
price
to
its
earnings
per
share
,
helping
them
assess
value
.
Kevin
prefers
investing
in
companies
because
they
are
large
,
established
,
and
often
less
volatile
.
Sarah
sees
potential
in
companies
,
which
are
medium
-
sized
and
have
room
to
grow
in
the
market
.
Sarah
enjoys
the
high
growth
potential
of
companies
but
understands
they
carry
more
risk
.
During
a
,
the
stock
market
drops
significantly
,
often
correcting
overinflated
values
.
Before
investing
in
a
mutual
fund
,
Kevin
reviewed
its
to
understand
how
much
he
?
d
pay
in
management
fees
.
Sarah
hired
an
expert
to
perform
a
of
her
business
to
determine
its
market
value
.
Kevin
opened
a
to
manage
his
nephew
?
s
savings
until
he
turns
18
.
A
stock
with
a
high
is
more
sensitive
to
market
movements
,
making
it
riskier
for
some
investors
.
The
city
issued
a
to
raise
money
for
building
a
new
school
,
offering
residents
a
low
-
risk
investment
option
.
Kevin
chose
to
invest
in
an
that
tracks
the
S&P
500
,
giving
him
exposure
to
large
U
.
S
.
companies
.
When
Sarah
bought
in
a
major
tech
company
,
she
became
a
part
-
owner
of
the
business
.
Kevin
bought
an
to
diversify
his
portfolio
;
it
includes
stocks
,
bonds
,
and
other
investments
traded
on
an
exchange
.
To
invest
in
some
of
the
largest
U
.
S
.
companies
,
Kevin
bought
shares
in
an
index
fund
that
tracks
the
Sarah
noticed
that
many
technology
-
focused
stocks
were
listed
on
the
exchange
.
Kevin
invested
in
small
businesses
by
purchasing
stocks
tracked
by
the
index
.
Sarah
visited
the
(
abbreviation
)
in
New
York
City
,
where
she
saw
traders
making
deals
on
the
trading
floor
.
Kevin
choose
to
invest
in
an
actively
managed
instead
of
an
ETF
because
he
believed
the
professionals
would
get
him
better
returns
.
In
order
to
avoid
paying
taxes
on
her
retirement
account
down
the
line
,
Sarah
invested
in
a
.
Kevin
?
s
main
focus
for
investing
is
to
create
passive
income
to
replace
his
job
,
so
he
invests
in
companies
that
pay
high
.
Sarah
wanted
to
get
a
tax
break
by
reducing
her
taxable
income
,
so
she
decided
to
invest
her
retirement
money
into
a
.
Before
Apple
made
their
next
big
business
decision
,
they
consulted
the
since
they
are
part
owners
of
the
company
.
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