Fungi for COMLEX/USMLE: MatchingOnline version Match each fungus to its related characteristics by Diana Dalski 1 Microsporum canis 2 Trichophyton rubrum 3 Epidermophyton floccosum 4 Malassezia furfur 5 Sporothrix schenckii 6 Candida albicans 7 Histoplasma capsulatum 8 Blastomyces dermatitidis 9 Coccidioides immitis 10 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 11 Aspergillus fumigatus 12 Cryptococcus neoformans 13 Rhizopus and Mucor spp. 14 Pneumocystis jirovecii Superficial and cutaneous, Dimorphic Causes dermatophytosis (ringworm), also called tineas. Risk factors: Close contact with infected pets (dogs and cats), children. Mold: Septate hyphae, multi-celled macroconidia; spindle-shaped Spindle-Shaped Superficial and cutaneous Mold Most common cause of dermatophytosis Mold: Septate hyphae, microconidia and macroconidia (cigar-shaped, thin-walled, multicellular). Spread through Close contact with individuals, athletes, children, sharing towels. Superficial and cutaneous Mold Causes dermatophytosis (ringworm, tineas) Septate hyphae,club-shaped,multicellular Risk factors: Warm, humid climate; oily skin Superficial, Lipophilic, Dimorphic Causes Pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor). Hypopigmented patches. No itching Risk Factors: Hot or Humid Weather conditions (Normally tropical) Spaghetti&meatballs(short hyphaeW/yeast) Subcutaneous, Dimorphic Immunocompromised Patients: pneumonia, joints, bones, meningitis Immunocompetent Patients: causes lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis: a chain of nodules or ulcers. Yeast:Cigar-shaped(narrow budding yeast) Mold:Septate hyphae,rosette-like cluster Systemic/Skin, Polymorphic yeast Oral Thrush, Vaginitis, and Diaper Rash Risks: Compromised skin, Imbalance of local flora of mucus membranes Budding Yeast and Pseudohyphae (Yeast clinging together) can be seen together in KOH prep). Germ Tube Test: Germ Tubes form at 37*C Systemic and Dimorphic Inhaled spores become yeasts that survive in alveolar macrophages, cause pulmonary infection Prevalent in Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys Yeast (37˚C): small, oval, narrow-based budding yeast often found inside alveolar macrophages. Yeast (37˚C) Mold (culture 25-30˚C) Systemic and Dimorphic Inhalation of spores causes pulmonary infection Immunocompromised (disseminated): Skin lesions show ulcerated or verrucous and may infect bone. Immunocompetent: can by asymptomatic, flu-like symptoms, fever, cough, chest pain. Systemic and Dimorphic with spherules Inhalation of Spores causes Valley Fever Southwestern United States, especially: California (San Joaquin Valley), Arizona, New Mexico, Texas Spherules with endospores in human body Mold(28˚C)barrel-shaped spores Systemic and Dimorphic Inhalation of spores causes Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis Immunocompromised:skin lesions in mouth and nose.infect lymph nodes, adrenal gland,liver,spleen&CNS. Humid rural areas of Central and South America, Brazil Yeast (37˚C): Thick-walled yeast cells with multiple peripheral buds(“pilot wheel”“Mickey Mouse”). Yeast (37˚C) Systemic and Mold can cause different respiratory problems and disseminate to other systems Lung damage:causes Pulmonary Aspergilloma: fungus grows in a preexisting pulmonary cavitary lesion Risk Factor: Immunosuppression, lung disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, environmental exposure Mold, 45° angle branching septate hyphae Systemic Yeast Inhalation of yeast cells or spores can affect immunocompromised patient, causes Pulmonary infection can disseminate:cause meningitis or brain abscess w/headache, fever, neck stiffness, altered mental Risk factors: Severe immunosuppression Stained with India Ink, Halo, CSF Sample Worldwide, Soil enriched with bird droppings (especially pigeons), Eucalyptus trees Yeast w/distinct polysaccharide capsule “halo” w/India ink; red stained capsule w/mucicarmine Systemic Mold Risk factors: Diabetes, Immunosuppression, Iron overload, burns, trauma, covid-19 infection. Causes cutaneous, pulmonary, rhinocerebral, and disseminated disease Mold, broad aseptate hyphae, with wide-angle branching (>90°) invades blood vessels → tissue necrosis, infarction wide-angle branching (>90°) Systemic, Atypical Fungi (Lacks ergosterol) Yeast-like Risk Factors: Immunosuppression Bronchialveolar biopsy Stained broncoalveolar tissue shows disc-shaped cysts with central spores. Causes pneumonia; fever, dry cough,& dyspnea, weight loss, hypoxia out of proportion to exam.
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