Froggy Jumps Frog Leap: Spot the Root Cause 🐸Online version Clinical scenarios and mechanisms. by RNPRPEPBESTIE 1 A client with newly increased levothyroxine dose reports palpitations, heat intolerance, and anxiety. What is the underlying cause? a Excess thyroid hormone accelerating metabolic activity b Poor absorption decreasing hormone levels c Low TSH due to pituitary suppression 2 A toddler with recent diarrhea now has sunken eyes, irritability, dry mucous membranes, and decreased tears. What is the root cause? a Extracellular fluid loss leading to dehydration b Excess insulin causing hypoglycemia c Anemia reducing oxygen delivery 3 A postpartum client reports headache and visual spots. BP is 162/104. Reflexes are brisk. What is the root mechanism? a Cerebral vasospasm from severe preeclampsia b Hypoglycemia reducing brain glucose c Hypovolemia decreasing brain perfusion 4 A post-op client who has been immobile for 12 hours develops calf warmth and tenderness. What explains this change? a Electrolyte imbalance causing pain b Arterial occlusion reducing O2 supply c Venous stasis promoting thrombus formation 5 A client with asthma used their albuterol inhaler repeatedly within one hour. Now HR is 132 and they feel shaky. Cause? a Hypoxia causing tachycardia b Beta-2 agonist overstimulation increasing sympathetic activity c Air trapping reducing ventilation 6 A client with gallstones eats a high-fat meal and develops RUQ pain radiating to the shoulder with nausea. Root cause? a Viral inflammation of the liver b Stomach acid irritating gastric mucosa c Cystic duct obstruction increasing biliary pressure 7 A client struck their head earlier and is now increasingly drowsy with unequal pupils. What mechanism explains this? a Rising intracranial pressure compressing cranial nerves b Low sodium causing confusion c Cerebral vasodilation from hypercapnia 8 A client with type 1 diabetes skipped their evening insulin. Now has fruity breath, nausea, and deep rapid respirations. Cause? a Cellular starvation from low glucose b Ketone accumulation producing metabolic acidosis c Fluid overload raising osmolarity 9 A client receiving a blood transfusion develops itching and hives minutes after starting the infusion. Vitals stable. Cause? a Mild allergic reaction to donor plasma proteins b Fluid overload stressing the heart c Hemolysis from ABO incompatibility 10 A client on MAOIs eats aged cheese and now has severe headache and BP 184/112. What is the root cause? a Serotonin depletion reducing mood b Sodium loss lowering fluid volume c Tyramine-induced catecholamine surge 11 A client with chronic kidney disease eats a high-potassium meal. Now has muscle weakness and peaked T-waves. Cause? a Magnesium loss slowing conduction b Impaired potassium excretion elevating serum levels c Low sodium reducing nerve function 12 A client reports new muscle rigidity after starting haloperidol. BP is elevated and they are diaphoretic. Cause? a Calcium deficit causing tetany b Dopamine blockade triggering neuroleptic malignant syndrome c Serotonin excess causing agitation 13 A newborn of a diabetic mother is jittery, weak, and has a low temperature shortly after birth. Root mechanism? a Dehydration reducing perfusion b Cold stress increasing O2 demand c Maternal glucose exposure causing neonatal hypoglycemia 14 A client with alcoholism presents with tremors, hyperreflexia, and a positive Trousseau sign. What is the root cause? a Hypocalcemia increasing neuromuscular excitability b Hypermagnesemia depressing reflexes c Hypernatremia causing dehydration 15 A client skipped their beta-blocker dose and now has HR 128, elevated BP, and feels anxious. What is the trigger? a Low blood sugar increasing adrenaline b Rebound sympathetic stimulation after missed dose c Fluid loss decreasing preload
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