How a Bill Becomes a Law: 15 Steps Match

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Steps to lawmaking

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Alfonse Femino

United States

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How a Bill Becomes a Law: 15 Steps Match


How a Bill Becomes a Law: 15 Steps MatchOnline version Steps to lawmaking by Alfonse Femino 1 Idea & Sponsorship 2 Introduction 3 Committee Review 4 Floor Debate & Vote (First Chamber) 5 The Second Chamber & Reconciliation 6 Presidential Action & Override 7 Committee activities 8 Introduction & sponsorship 9 Presidential actions 10 Debate & passage process 11 Historical plans & bicameral solution 12 House of Representatives roles Anyone can have the idea (citizen, group, agency, or Congress) A member of Congress sponsors the bill Legislative staff help turn the idea into a formal bill The bill is drafted and prepared for introduction Drafting leads to a formal bill with a sponsor House: Representative drops the bill into the hopper Senate: Senator introduces the bill on the floor The bill receives a number (e.g., H.R. 123 or S. 45) Introduction begins the formal process in each chamber The bill is officially numbered and ready for committee Bill is sent to the relevant committee Committees may hold hearings Committees call experts to testify Committees debate the bill Committee votes to approve, reject, or table the bill Full chamber debates the bill Members propose amendments during debate Chamber votes on the bill If passed, it moves to the other chamber If failed, the bill dies in that chamber Second chamber goes through its committee process Debate and amendments occur in the second chamber Second chamber votes on its version of the bill If versions differ, reconciliation is required If both chambers pass the same version, it goes to the President President can sign the bill into law President can veto the bill and return it to Congress If Congress is in session, a vetoed bill may become law anyway If Congress adjourns, a veto may result in a pocket veto Congress can override a veto with a two-thirds vote in both chambers The committee studies the bill The committee holds discussions The committee invites experts or citizens to share information The committee can change the bill The committee approves or rejects the bill The bill is formally introduced in the House or Senate The bill gets a number to track it The bill must have at least one sponsor Other lawmakers can add co-sponsors Having many co-sponsors makes the bill seem stronger The President can sign the bill into law The President can veto the bill The President can let it become law without signing after 10 days If vetoed, Congress can override with a two-thirds vote in both chambers Pocket veto The full House and Senate debate the bill Debates lead to suggested changes If it wins in committee, it goes to the Senate floor for more debate Each chamber votes Both must pass the same exact version before going to the President The New Jersey Plan called for equal representation for all states The Virginia Plan called for representation by population The Connecticut Compromise created a bicameral Congress In the Senate, each state gets two senators In the House, seats are based on population Starts all tax and revenue bills Initiates impeachment charges Representation is based on population (larger states have more voices) Responds quickly to public opinion with 2-year terms Acts as the chamber closest to the people

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How a Bill Becomes a Law: 15 Steps Match

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About this activity

Created by

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How a Bill Becomes a Law: 15 Steps MatchOnline version

by Alfonse Femino

Idea & Sponsorship

Introduction

Committee Review

Floor Debate & Vote (First Chamber)

The Second Chamber & Reconciliation

Presidential Action & Override

Committee activities

Introduction & sponsorship

Presidential actions

Debate & passage process

Historical plans & bicameral solution

House of Representatives roles