Matching Pairs Encoding MemoriesOnline version What is human Memory by Wendy Kennedy 1 Shallow Processing 2 Spacing Effect 3 Chunking 4 Iconic Memory 5 Explicit Memories 6 Implicit Memory 7 Deep Processing 8 Mnemonics 9 Effortful Processing 10 Testing Effect 11 Echoic Memory 12 Automatic Processing Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories) A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information. Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds.
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