Matching Pairs Encoding MemoriesOnline version What is human Memory by Wendy Kennedy 1 Echoic Memory 2 Automatic Processing 3 Explicit Memories 4 Implicit Memory 5 Effortful Processing 6 Mnemonics 7 Shallow Processing 8 Iconic Memory 9 Chunking 10 Spacing Effect 11 Deep Processing 12 Testing Effect Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information. Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds. A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories)
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