Memory Game Cell Organelles Game. Mani FOnline version Mr. Harty Research Biology 8. This game is a difficult matching game. You must memorize the locations of the organelles and descriptions and match them. by MANI FERDOSIAN NAJAFABADI Cell Membrane Ribosomes: Flagella and Cilia The Jelly-like material inside the cell that surrounds all the organelles. The function is that it helps dissolve solutes and move materials around. Nucleus: It is a bilayer of lipids and proteins and it separates the inside of the cell from the rest of its environment. The main function is that it allows materials to enter and exit the cell and it holds the cytoplasm inside the cell and makes it not go out. It is semi-permeable which means that it only allows specific materials to enter and exit through the pores and protein channels. Cell wall Nucleolus Lysosomes Nuclear Membrane This is a membrane-bound organelle that is made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae. The main function is to modify, sort, and package proteins. It is compared to a post office because its cis face receives ribosomes from the rough er and then it modifies, sorts, and “ships” the protein out from its trans face in a vesicle. It is very important in protein synthesis because if it makes a mistake in “shipping” the proteins to the right address, certain functions in the cell will stop. Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) This organelle is a small, saclike structure created by the Golgi apparatus. Their main function is to transport nutrients and proteins throughout the cell and some vesicles even deliver materials to outside the cell in a process called exocytosis. There are different types of vesicles including vacuoles and lysosomes. It is the largest organelle in the cell an animal cell and it contains the most the DNA of the cell. The main function is that it controls the cell activity because it has Chromatin inside which is the long strands of DNA which holds information to make proteins. Inside, there is an organelle called the “nucleolus”. Centrioles These are both on the outside of the cell. Their function is to move the cell. The cilia is a short, hair-like extension. The flagella is a long, whip-like extension and it helps sperm cells swim. This is only found in plant cells, and it is the outermost layer of a plant cell. It’s main function is to provide extra protection and support for the plants. It is made up of layers that can be flexible and elastic or extremely woody and rigid. It only allows materials to get in through special openings called plasmodesmata. The smallest organelle in the cell found within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein. They are created by the nucleolus and transported by the rough ER. The main function is to gather individual amino acids and make a long chain out of them to make protein. Vacuole Vesicle Golgi Apparatus These organelles are a membrane-bound organelle that is found in plant cells. They carry out many of the functions in plant cells, including, photosynthesis, pigment synthesis and storage, and food storage. Like mitochondria, these organelles also contain their own DNA. This is a double-layered membrane protects and surrounds the nucleus of the cell. It’s function is to separate the chromosomes from the rest of the cell. It also contains pores that allow molecules to move in and out of the nucleus. Plastids This organelle is a membrane-bound cell organelle. It is generally small in animal cells and very large in plant cells. In an animal cell, it is a small vesicle that stores water, salts, carbohydrates, and proteins. They also play an important role in disposing waste products from the cell. In a plant cell, it is a large vesicle that stores large amounts of water and stores other important materials such as sugars, ions, and pigments. The large vacuole also helps support the plant and give the plant cell its rigid shape. Mitochondria Chloroplast Ribosomes It is a network of membranes found in the cytoplasm of the cell. This is one of the types of ER. It is named for the appearance of its outer surface, which is covered with protein-synthesizing particles called ribosome. It’s a tunnel system for the ribosomes and its main function is to transport the protein-making ribosomes. It receives the ribosomes made from the nucleolus and transports them to the golgi apparatus. This organelle is a membrane-bound organelle that is only found in the animal cell and it contains digestive enzymes. It’s functions are to break down food, kill pathogens, and to perform autolysis (A process where the lysosomes release all the digestive enzymes to destroy a dying cell). It is a network of membranes found in the cytoplasm of the cell. This is another type of ER. It is like the opposite of the rough ER. It gets its name because it is not covered in ribosomes. Its main function is to make lipids and fats in the cell. It also helps to detoxify harmful substances found in the cell. This organelle is only found in plant cells. It is in which photosynthesis takes place. It’s main function is to perform photosynthesis. There is a green chemical inside this organelle called Chlorophyll. The job of Chlorophyll is to perform photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and turn them into oxygen and glucose. This organelle is similar to the mitochondria because it also follows the Endosymbiosis theory. It was believed that this organelle was once a living organism that became a part of modern cells. Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) It is the round object that is inside the nucleus. It’s main function is to make another important organelle called the ribosome. This organelle is the cell’s powerhouse because it generates most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. It is believed that that the mitochondria used to be a bacteria cell but has become apart of today's modern cells. This theory is called the Endosymbiosis theory. Its function is to create ATP, which is an energy molecule used by your cells for energy, in a process called cellular respiration. This organelle is kind of like the “battery” of your cells. There are more mitochondria in cells that have to perform a lot of work, for example your heart and leg muscle cells. It is a paired barrel-shaped organelle located in the cytoplasm of an animal cell near the nuclear envelope that is only found in animal cells. It’s main function is to help make the cytoskeleton and to organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
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