Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Fibrous 2 Cartilaginous 3 Synovial 4 The Skeletal System 5 Tendons 6 Joints 7 Cartilage 8 Ligaments 9 Bones 10 Marrow freely movable joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Solid CT, 206 Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone 1 Protection 2 Movement 3 Storage 4 Framework 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Functions of Bone stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement 1 Flat Bones 2 Irregular Bones 3 Long Bones 4 Classification of Bone 5 Short Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs 1 Diaphysis 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Epiphysis 4 Macroanatomy of Bones 5 Articular Cartilage 6 Medullary Cavity 7 Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Osteocytes 3 Osteoblasts 4 Osteoclasts 5 Organic ECM 6 Spongy Bone 7 Extracellular Matrix 8 Cells 9 Compact Bone 10 Microanatomy of Bones 11 Osteogenic Cells Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones break down/resorb bone (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts bone stem cells capable of differentiation 1 Synovial Joints 2 Symphyses 3 Sutures 4 Gomphoses 5 Fibrous Joints 6 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 7 Synchondroses 8 Cartilaginous Joints 9 Syndesmoses 10 Examples of Synovial Joints 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Joint (Articulation) between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other lock bones together with dense fibers Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones connected by cartilage pads tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses
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