Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Cartilaginous 2 Synovial 3 The Skeletal System 4 Ligaments 5 Marrow 6 Fibrous 7 Bones 8 Joints 9 Cartilage 10 Tendons Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage freely movable joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Solid CT, 206 Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together 1 Movement 2 Site of Hematopoiesis 3 Framework 4 Protection 5 Functions of Bone 6 Storage blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Flat Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Irregular Bones 5 Short Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Elongated; upper and lower limbs 1 Diaphysis 2 Macroanatomy of Bones 3 Epiphysis 4 Periosteum 5 Articular Cartilage 6 Medullary Cavity 7 Epiphyseal Line hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Osteoblasts 2 Osteoclasts 3 Extracellular Matrix 4 Microanatomy of Bones 5 Osteogenic Cells 6 Osteocytes 7 Compact Bone 8 Cells 9 Inorganic ECM 10 Organic ECM 11 Spongy Bone mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) break down/resorb bone (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact bone stem cells capable of differentiation build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 1 Joint (Articulation) 2 Types of Fibrous Joints 3 Symphyses 4 Syndesmoses 5 Sutures 6 Fibrous Joints 7 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 8 Examples of Synovial Joints 9 Gomphoses 10 Synchondroses 11 Cartilaginous Joints 12 Synovial Joints Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) bones connected by cartilage pads bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Synchondroses & Symphyses have hyaline cartilage between the bones Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock lock bones together with dense fibers
New game