Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Synovial 2 Ligaments 3 The Skeletal System 4 Bones 5 Tendons 6 Fibrous 7 Cartilaginous 8 Marrow 9 Joints 10 Cartilage Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints freely movable joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Solid CT, 206 Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone 1 Framework 2 Protection 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Movement 5 Storage 6 Functions of Bone Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Long Bones 2 Flat Bones 3 Irregular Bones 4 Classification of Bone 5 Short Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Periosteum 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Epiphysis 4 Articular Cartilage 5 Diaphysis 6 Macroanatomy of Bones 7 Medullary Cavity Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock 1 Extracellular Matrix 2 Osteoclasts 3 Cells 4 Compact Bone 5 Osteogenic Cells 6 Microanatomy of Bones 7 Osteoblasts 8 Inorganic ECM 9 Spongy Bone 10 Organic ECM 11 Osteocytes Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines break down/resorb bone (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones 1 Types of Fibrous Joints 2 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 3 Sutures 4 Synovial Joints 5 Symphyses 6 Cartilaginous Joints 7 Syndesmoses 8 Joint (Articulation) 9 Examples of Synovial Joints 10 Synchondroses 11 Fibrous Joints 12 Gomphoses Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses have hyaline cartilage between the bones fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock lock bones together with dense fibers bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck bones connected by cartilage pads between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Synchondroses & Symphyses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
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