Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Skull 2 Associated Bones of the Skull 3 Vertebral Column 4 Thoracic (Rib) Cage 5 Axial Skeleton Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones Sternum & 24 Ribs 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone 1 Sutures 2 Orbital Cavities 3 Oral Cavity 4 Lambdoid Suture 5 Cavities 6 Squamous Suture 7 Skull 8 Coronal Suture 9 Palatine Suture 10 Sagittal Suture 11 Nasal Cavity 12 Types of Sutures 13 Cranial Cavity Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Joint between frontal and parietal bones Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Joint between parietal and occipital bones Joints between the bones of the skull Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Joint between parietal and temporal bones Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones Joint between palatine bones A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Joint between 2 parietal bones 1 Palatine 2 Ethmoid 3 Occipital 4 Zygomatic 5 Neurocranium 6 Maxilla 7 Mandible 8 Temporal 9 Inferior Nasal Conchae 10 Sphenoid 11 Vomer 12 Lacrimal 13 Face 14 Nasal 15 Frontal 16 Parietal 17 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity Inferior nasal septum Lower jaw Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) Neurocranium and Face Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) Roof of nasal cavity 1 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 2 Associated Bones of the Skull 3 Hyoid 4 Ear Ossicles 5 Incus 6 Malleus 7 Stapes Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound Ear Ossicles & Hyoid Malleus, Incus, Stapes Anvil slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing Hammer Stirrup 1 Coccyx 2 Sacrum 3 Thoracic Vertebrae 4 Cervical Vertebrae 5 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 6 Lumbar Vertebrae 7 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 8 Parts of the Sacrum 9 Kyphosis 10 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 11 Lordosis 12 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae Tailbone Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Posterior pelvis Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Vertebrae of the lower back Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles Vertebrae of the Neck Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx 1 Manubrium 2 Body 3 Ribs 4 Sternum Components 5 Xyphoid Process 6 False Ribs 7 Sternum 8 Costochondral Joints 9 Sternocostal Joints 10 Components of the Rib Cage 11 Floating Ribs 12 Function of the Rib Cage 13 True Ribs Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints Breastbone 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints Bottom tab on the sternum Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage 1 Temporomandibular Joint 2 Atlanto-occipital Joint 3 Sternocostal Joints 4 Atlanto-axial Joint 5 Axial Joints 6 Vertebrocostal Joints 7 Intervertebral Joints T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks) manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7) Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles atlas + dens of axis mandibular fossa + condylar process
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