Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Associated Bones of the Skull 2 Axial Skeleton 3 Skull 4 Thoracic (Rib) Cage 5 Vertebral Column Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx Sternum & 24 Ribs 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone 1 Skull 2 Nasal Cavity 3 Sagittal Suture 4 Oral Cavity 5 Coronal Suture 6 Cranial Cavity 7 Lambdoid Suture 8 Types of Sutures 9 Palatine Suture 10 Cavities 11 Squamous Suture 12 Orbital Cavities 13 Sutures Joint between palatine bones Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Joint between 2 parietal bones Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Joints between the bones of the skull A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Joint between frontal and parietal bones Joint between parietal and occipital bones Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Joint between parietal and temporal bones Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones 1 Occipital 2 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull 3 Ethmoid 4 Nasal 5 Inferior Nasal Conchae 6 Sphenoid 7 Maxilla 8 Vomer 9 Lacrimal 10 Face 11 Neurocranium 12 Mandible 13 Palatine 14 Parietal 15 Zygomatic 16 Temporal 17 Frontal Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum Neurocranium and Face Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity Roof of nasal cavity Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Lower jaw Inferior nasal septum 1 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 2 Hyoid 3 Incus 4 Associated Bones of the Skull 5 Malleus 6 Stapes 7 Ear Ossicles slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound Anvil Hammer Ear Ossicles & Hyoid Malleus, Incus, Stapes Stirrup 1 Kyphosis 2 Sacrum 3 Lumbar Vertebrae 4 Thoracic Vertebrae 5 Lordosis 6 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 7 Cervical Vertebrae 8 Coccyx 9 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 10 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae 11 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 12 Parts of the Sacrum Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Posterior pelvis Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles Tailbone Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes Vertebrae of the Neck Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs Vertebrae of the lower back 1 Components of the Rib Cage 2 Sternum Components 3 Xyphoid Process 4 Costochondral Joints 5 Manubrium 6 Sternocostal Joints 7 Body 8 Function of the Rib Cage 9 Sternum 10 Floating Ribs 11 False Ribs 12 True Ribs 13 Ribs Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs Bottom tab on the sternum Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating Breastbone 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles 1 Temporomandibular Joint 2 Atlanto-occipital Joint 3 Intervertebral Joints 4 Axial Joints 5 Atlanto-axial Joint 6 Vertebrocostal Joints 7 Sternocostal Joints Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks) T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle mandibular fossa + condylar process superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles atlas + dens of axis manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7)
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