Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Thoracic (Rib) Cage 2 Axial Skeleton 3 Vertebral Column 4 Associated Bones of the Skull 5 Skull 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Sternum & 24 Ribs 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones 1 Orbital Cavities 2 Palatine Suture 3 Skull 4 Cavities 5 Coronal Suture 6 Oral Cavity 7 Nasal Cavity 8 Sutures 9 Cranial Cavity 10 Types of Sutures 11 Sagittal Suture 12 Lambdoid Suture 13 Squamous Suture Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Joint between parietal and occipital bones Joint between 2 parietal bones Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones Joint between parietal and temporal bones Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Joint between palatine bones Joints between the bones of the skull Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Joint between frontal and parietal bones A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral 1 Nasal 2 Zygomatic 3 Parietal 4 Temporal 5 Lacrimal 6 Mandible 7 Palatine 8 Frontal 9 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull 10 Neurocranium 11 Occipital 12 Inferior Nasal Conchae 13 Vomer 14 Ethmoid 15 Maxilla 16 Face 17 Sphenoid Inferior nasal septum Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Lower jaw Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Roof of nasal cavity Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Neurocranium and Face Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) 1 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 2 Hyoid 3 Stapes 4 Incus 5 Ear Ossicles 6 Associated Bones of the Skull 7 Malleus Stirrup Hammer Malleus, Incus, Stapes Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound Ear Ossicles & Hyoid slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing Anvil 1 Cervical Vertebrae 2 Lumbar Vertebrae 3 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 4 Coccyx 5 Parts of the Sacrum 6 Sacrum 7 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 8 Kyphosis 9 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 10 Lordosis 11 Thoracic Vertebrae 12 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae Vertebrae of the lower back Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Posterior pelvis Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Tailbone Vertebrae of the Neck Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes 1 True Ribs 2 Ribs 3 Costochondral Joints 4 Body 5 Xyphoid Process 6 Sternocostal Joints 7 Sternum 8 False Ribs 9 Floating Ribs 10 Components of the Rib Cage 11 Manubrium 12 Function of the Rib Cage 13 Sternum Components Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process Breastbone 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage Bottom tab on the sternum 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage 1 Temporomandibular Joint 2 Sternocostal Joints 3 Atlanto-occipital Joint 4 Atlanto-axial Joint 5 Vertebrocostal Joints 6 Intervertebral Joints 7 Axial Joints T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal mandibular fossa + condylar process Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks) manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7) atlas + dens of axis superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles
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