Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Skull 2 Associated Bones of the Skull 3 Axial Skeleton 4 Vertebral Column 5 Thoracic (Rib) Cage 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones Sternum & 24 Ribs Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone 1 Coronal Suture 2 Lambdoid Suture 3 Skull 4 Cavities 5 Squamous Suture 6 Orbital Cavities 7 Nasal Cavity 8 Oral Cavity 9 Palatine Suture 10 Sutures 11 Sagittal Suture 12 Cranial Cavity 13 Types of Sutures Joint between 2 parietal bones A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral Joint between parietal and occipital bones Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Joints between the bones of the skull Joint between parietal and temporal bones Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Joint between frontal and parietal bones Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones Joint between palatine bones Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones 1 Vomer 2 Nasal 3 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull 4 Lacrimal 5 Ethmoid 6 Inferior Nasal Conchae 7 Temporal 8 Frontal 9 Mandible 10 Occipital 11 Zygomatic 12 Neurocranium 13 Palatine 14 Parietal 15 Maxilla 16 Sphenoid 17 Face Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Inferior nasal septum Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Lower jaw Roof of nasal cavity Neurocranium and Face Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity 1 Incus 2 Associated Bones of the Skull 3 Ear Ossicles 4 Hyoid 5 Stapes 6 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 7 Malleus Anvil Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound Hammer slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing Malleus, Incus, Stapes Ear Ossicles & Hyoid Stirrup 1 Coccyx 2 Parts of the Sacrum 3 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae 4 Sacrum 5 Lordosis 6 Lumbar Vertebrae 7 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 8 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 9 Thoracic Vertebrae 10 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 11 Cervical Vertebrae 12 Kyphosis Tailbone Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes Vertebrae of the Neck Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Vertebrae of the lower back Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs Posterior pelvis Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles 1 Manubrium 2 Sternum Components 3 False Ribs 4 Ribs 5 Components of the Rib Cage 6 Body 7 Floating Ribs 8 Costochondral Joints 9 Sternum 10 Sternocostal Joints 11 True Ribs 12 Xyphoid Process 13 Function of the Rib Cage 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage Bottom tab on the sternum Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints Breastbone Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage 1 Intervertebral Joints 2 Axial Joints 3 Vertebrocostal Joints 4 Temporomandibular Joint 5 Atlanto-axial Joint 6 Atlanto-occipital Joint 7 Sternocostal Joints atlas + dens of axis Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks) mandibular fossa + condylar process manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7) T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles
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