Thoracic (Rib) Cage
Axial Skeleton
Vertebral Column
Associated Bones of the Skull
Skull
Sternum & 24 Ribs
6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone
7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx
8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones
Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage
Oral Cavity
Sutures
Cranial Cavity
Nasal Cavity
Lambdoid Suture
Palatine Suture
Coronal Suture
Orbital Cavities
Squamous Suture
Sagittal Suture
Types of Sutures
Skull
Cavities
Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones
Joint between parietal and occipital bones
Joint between 2 parietal bones
Joints between the bones of the skull
Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones
Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones
A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral
Joint between parietal and temporal bones
Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine,
Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone
Joint between frontal and parietal bones
Joint between palatine bones
Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones
Temporal
Ethmoid
Anatomic Divisions of the Skull
Occipital
Parietal
Maxilla
Sphenoid
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Vomer
Mandible
Frontal
Neurocranium
Face
Palatine
Nasal
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity)
Lower jaw
Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1)
Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye
Roof of nasal cavity
Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)
Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity
Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium)
Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit
Inferior nasal septum
Neurocranium and Face
Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum
Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior)
Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit
Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit)
Paired; Medial wall of the orbit
Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit)
Ear Ossicles
Associated Bones of the Skull
Malleus
Stapes
Hyoid
Bones of the Ear Ossicles
Incus
slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing
Hammer
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Stirrup
Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound
Ear Ossicles & Hyoid
Anvil
Thoracic Vertebrae
Coccyx
Sacrum
Lordosis
Lumbar Vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae
Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae
Kyphosis
Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column
Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae
Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae
Parts of the Sacrum
Vertebrae of the Neck
Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx
Vertebrae of the lower back
Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae
Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes
Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina
Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles
Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs
Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae
Tailbone
Posterior pelvis
Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special!
Sternocostal Joints
Components of the Rib Cage
False Ribs
Ribs
Sternum
Manubrium
True Ribs
Costochondral Joints
Sternum Components
Floating Ribs
Xyphoid Process
Function of the Rib Cage
Body
Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints
Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses)
Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs
Bottom tab on the sternum
protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles
Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process
Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage
Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints
12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating
3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage
2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage
Breastbone
7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage
Atlanto-axial Joint
Sternocostal Joints
Vertebrocostal Joints
Axial Joints
Temporomandibular Joint
Intervertebral Joints
Atlanto-occipital Joint
superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles
Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal
mandibular fossa + condylar process
atlas + dens of axis
manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7)
Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks)
T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle
