Functions of the Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
Vertical support, support the head, protect the spinal cord
Upper: Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges Lower: Coxa, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Consists of
Scapular Spine
Acromial End
Infraspinous Fossa
Supraspinous Fossa
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
Clavicle Features
Subscapular Fossa
Scapula Features
Fossae
Scapula
Sternal End
Coracoid Process
Glenoid Fossa
Acromial Process
Clavicle
Acromial Process, Coracoid Process, Scapular Spine, & Fossae
"collarbone"
Articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium (sternum) = Sternoclavicular joint
Inferior to the scapular spine Site of muscle attachment (infraspinatus)
Supraspinous, Infraspinous, Subscapular, & Glenoid
The ridge between Supraspinous & Infraspinous fossae Site of muscle attachment (trapezius, etc.)
Clavicle (2) & Scapula (2)
Sternal end & acromial end
Smaller lateral projection, more anterior Site of muscle attachment (pectoralis minor & biceps brachii)
superior to the scapular spine Site of muscle attachment (supraspinatus)
Attaches the upper limbs to the trunk (the sternum)
"shoulder blade"
Lateral For head of humerus
Articulates with the acromial process of the scapula = Acromioclavicular joint
Anterior side of the scapula (closest to ribcage) Site of muscle attachment (subscapularis)
LARGER lateral projection, more posterior Articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle = Acromioclavicular joint
Parts of the Upper Limb
Radius Components
Radius & Ulna
Metacarpals
Phalanges Components
Humerus Components
Humerus
Carpals
Phalanges
Ulna Components
Carpals Components
Metacarpals Components
Bones of the wrist
8 in total; Only need to know scaphoid
Trochlear Notch, Olercranon, Ulnar Tuberosity, Radial Notch, Head
14 in total; 5 proximal, 4 middle, & 5 distal; numbered 1-5 from thumb to pinky - proximal & distal; numbered 2-4 from index to pinky - middle
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, & Phalanges
Head, Greater Tubercle, Lesser Tubercle, Deltoid Tuberosity, Medial Epicondyle, Lateral Condyle, Capitulum, Trochlea, Olecranon Fossa
Head, Radial Tuberosity, Ulnar Notch, Carpal Surface,
Forearm (antebrachium)
5 in total; Not named but numbered I (Lateral, thumb) - V (Medial, pinky)
Bones of the palms
Bones of the fingers
Upper Arm (brachium)
Ischium Features
Ilium
Ilium Features
Components of Pelvic Girdle
Os Coxa
Iliac Fossa
Auricular Surface
Iliac Crest
Bones of the Os Coxa
Ischium
Pelvic Girdle
Ischial Tuberosity
Pubic Symphysis
Pubis
2 Coxa
attaches lower limbs to the trunk (sacrum), supports body weight, protects pelvic organs
Articulates with the auricular surface of the sacrum = sacroiliac (SI) joint
Iliac Crest, Iliac Fossa, Auricular Surface
3 bones that fuse during puberty at the acetabulum (hip joint)
fibrocartilage disk absorbs shock while walking & allows for childbirth
Inferior, posterior portion of the coxa
Largest of the 3 bones; Superior portions of the coxa; Articulates with the sacrum
Inferior, anterior portion of the coxa Articulates with the other coxa at the pubic symphysis
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Ischial Tuberosity
Large, smooth, concave surface Site of muscle attachment (internal hip muscles)
What you put your hands on when you rest your hands on your “hips” Site of muscle attachment
What you sit on (“sits bone”) Site of muscle attachment (adductor magnus, hamstrings)
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Components of the Femur
Components of the Lower Limb
Fibula
Components of the Patella
Patella
Components of the Tarsals
Components of the Fibula
Components of the Phalanges
Tarsals
Components of the Metatarsals
Tibia
Components of the Tibia
Femur
Head, Greater Trochanter, Lesser Trochanter, Linea Aspera, Medial Condyle, Lateral Condyle, Patellar Surface
the "thigh"; Longest, strongest, and heaviest bone of the body; At an angle
Head, Lateral Malleolu
Bones of the middle foot
Smaller of the lower leg bones; Lateral bone
Bones of the toes
14 in total; 5 proximal, 4 middle, & 5 distal; numbered 1-5 from thumb to pinky - proximal & distal; numbered 2-4 from index to pinky - middle
Bones of the back foot
7 in total; Only need to know Talus and Calcaneus
Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Sesamoid bone - grows within the tendon; protects the knee when kneeling
Medial Condyle, Lateral Condyle, Medial Malleolus, Fibular Notch
5 in total; named I-V from medial (big) to lateral (baby)
Bigger of the lower leg bones; Medial bone
Base & Apex
patellar ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Collateral Ligaments
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
menisci
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Knee
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
quadricep tendon
Cruciate Ligaments
fibrocartilage pads between the femoral and tibial condyles
Between lateral femur and fibula; Prevents hyperadduction (keeping it from moving too far medially)
from muscle to the patella (above knee)
anterior, behind patella, crosses in front of PCL
stabilize the front and back of the tibiofemoral joint; ACL & PCL
joint of femur, patella, tibia, fibula
Stabilize the sides of the joint; LCL & MCL
from patella to the tibial tuberosity (below knee)
posterior, popliteal region
Between medial femur and tibia; Prevents hyperabduction (keeping it from moving too far laterally)
