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Lublin ; English : / ? lu ? bl ? n / ; Latin : Lublinum ) is the ____________________ largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland . It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship ( province ) with a population of 349 , 103 ( March 2011 ) . Lublin is the largest Polish city ____________________ of the Vistula River and is approximately 170 kilometres ( 106 miles ) to the southeast of Warsaw by road . The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it military significance . During the first half of the 13th century , Lublin was a target of attacks by ____________________ , Ruthenians and Lithuanians , which resulted in its destruction . [ 6 ] It was also ruled by Kingdom of Galicia ? Volhynia between 1289 and 1302 . [ 6 ] Lublin was founded as a town by ____________________ ? adys ? aw I the Elbow - high or between 1258 and 1279 during the rule of prince Boles ? aw V the Chaste . [ 6 ] Casimir III the Great , appreciating the site's strategic importance , built a masonry ____________________ in 1341 and encircled the city with defensive walls . [ 7 ] From 1326 , if not earlier , the stronghold on Castle Hill included a ____________________ in honor of the Holy Trinity . A stone church dated to the years 1335 - 1370 exists to this day . The premier museum in the city is the Lublin ____________________ , one of the oldest and largest museums of Eastern Poland , as well as the ____________________ State Museum with 121 , 404 visitors in 2011 .