Matching Pairs Encoding MemoriesOnline version What is human Memory by Wendy Kennedy 1 Chunking 2 Testing Effect 3 Implicit Memory 4 Mnemonics 5 Automatic Processing 6 Deep Processing 7 Explicit Memories 8 Echoic Memory 9 Spacing Effect 10 Iconic Memory 11 Shallow Processing 12 Effortful Processing The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds. Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information. Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories)
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