Matching Pairs Encoding MemoriesOnline version What is human Memory by Wendy Kennedy 1 Shallow Processing 2 Deep Processing 3 Echoic Memory 4 Effortful Processing 5 Iconic Memory 6 Mnemonics 7 Explicit Memories 8 Implicit Memory 9 Testing Effect 10 Chunking 11 Spacing Effect 12 Automatic Processing Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information. The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories) A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
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