Explicit Memories
Echoic Memory
Spacing Effect
Iconic Memory
Automatic Processing
Testing Effect
Mnemonics
Implicit Memory
Deep Processing
Effortful Processing
Shallow Processing
Chunking
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion.
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.
Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories)
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning.
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds.
The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice.
Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words.
Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information.
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory)
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
