Matching Pairs Encoding MemoriesOnline version What is human Memory by Wendy Kennedy 1 Iconic Memory 2 Automatic Processing 3 Deep Processing 4 Effortful Processing 5 Implicit Memory 6 Shallow Processing 7 Echoic Memory 8 Mnemonics 9 Explicit Memories 10 Testing Effect 11 Spacing Effect 12 Chunking A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds. The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories) Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information. Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
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