Matching Pairs Encoding MemoriesOnline version What is human Memory by Wendy Kennedy 1 Chunking 2 Testing Effect 3 Implicit Memory 4 Automatic Processing 5 Echoic Memory 6 Explicit Memories 7 Mnemonics 8 Deep Processing 9 Iconic Memory 10 Effortful Processing 11 Spacing Effect 12 Shallow Processing Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories) A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds. Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information.
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