Matching Pairs Encoding MemoriesOnline version What is human Memory by Wendy Kennedy 1 Deep Processing 2 Shallow Processing 3 Automatic Processing 4 Iconic Memory 5 Chunking 6 Echoic Memory 7 Spacing Effect 8 Explicit Memories 9 Testing Effect 10 Implicit Memory 11 Mnemonics 12 Effortful Processing Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds. Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information. Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories)
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