Matching Pairs Encoding MemoriesOnline version What is human Memory by Wendy Kennedy 1 Iconic Memory 2 Mnemonics 3 Spacing Effect 4 Automatic Processing 5 Deep Processing 6 Echoic Memory 7 Explicit Memories 8 Chunking 9 Implicit Memory 10 Shallow Processing 11 Testing Effect 12 Effortful Processing Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories) Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds. Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information.
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