Matching Pairs Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions --Matching GameOnline version Selected definitions. Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology, 13th edition by Alexander Jones 1 Special senses 2 Somatic senses 3 Sensation 4 General senses 5 Proprioception 6 Perception 7 Visceral senses Information about skin, muscles, & joints--touch, temperature, pressure, pain, & proprioception Conscious awareness of sensations; the brain interprets sensation-generated AP's--occurs in the cerebral cortex Receptors are all over the body, generates action potentials called generator potentials which travel towards the brain--2 groups; somatic & visceral Information about interal organs (visera)--pressure & pain Occurs when stimuli activate sensory receptors which generate AP's sent along sensory nerves to the spinal cord & brain--occurs in PNS Sense of body position & movement Receptors that are located in specific organs--smell, taste, vision, hearing, & *balance* 1 Thermoreceptor 2 Photoreceptor 3 Chemoreceptor 4 Cuteaneous receptor 5 Mechanoreceptor 6 Proprioceptor 7 Nociceptor 8 Visceroreceptor Chemicals (taste & smell) Light energy (vision) Associated with the viscera or organs, provide information about the internal environment Pain; extreme mechanical, chemical or thermal stimuli Associated with the skin; provide information about the external environment Compression, bending, stretching of cells--touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing, & balance Associated with joints, tendons, & other CT; provide information about body position, movement, and the extent of stretch or force/muscle contractions Changes in temperature 1 Phasic receptors 2 Tonic receptors 3 Referred pain 4 Pain 5 Primary receptors 6 Chronic pain 7 Receptor potential 8 Secondary receptors 9 Adaptation Sensory receptor cells that conduct action potentials in response to receptor potential. Decreased sensitivity to a stimulus Rate of adaption where sensor adapts rapidly--ex: Pacinian & Meissner corpuscles Painful sensation in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus Sensation characterized by a group of unpleasant & complex perceptual & emotional experiences that trigger autonomic, psych., and som. motor responses Graded potential that is produced once a sensory receptor has been stimulated Rate of adaption where sensor adapts very slowly--ex: Merkel disks & Ruffini end organs Long lasting pain Causes release of neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on a neuron causing a receptor potential--senses like taste, hearing, & balance 1 Ascending pathway 2 Wernicke area 3 Arcuate faciculus 4 Muscle spindles 5 Golgi tendon organs 6 Descending pathway 7 Pacinian corpuscle 8 Merkel disk 9 Broca area 10 Ruffini end organ 11 Meissner corpuscle 12 Hair follicle receptors Sensory speech area; allows person to create meaningful speech Motor tract in spinal cord's white matter Detects light touch and superficial pressure Specialized muscle fibers that detect stretch Proprioceptive receptors associated with the fibers of a tendon near the junction between the muscle and the tendon Sensory tract in spinal cord's white matter Detects vibration (and deep cutaneous pressure) Detects light touch and slight bending of the hair Motor speech area; allows muscles to say words that can be understood Detects continuous touch or pressure Bundle of neurons that connect the Wernicke & Broca areas Detects 2 point discrimination (& helps evaluate texture) 1 Voluntary movement 2 Comparator 3 Primary somatosensory cortex 4 Lower motor neurons 5 Spinocerebellum 6 Involuntary movement 7 Cerebellum 8 Vestibulocerebellum 9 Primary sensory areas 10 Upper motor neurons 11 Cerebrocerebellum 12 Indirect pathways 13 Direct pathways Consists of the vermis & medial portion of the lateral hemisphere; helps accomplish fine motor coordination of simple movements by comparator function Connect the cerebral cortex to lower motor neurons directly or through interneurons--voluntary movement depends on these Specific regions of the cerebral cortex that sensory pathways project to Occur without conscious thought--reflexes mediated through the spinal cord and the brain stem responsible for body movements Involved in less precise control of motor functions such as posture--unconscious movement; a division of descending motor fibers Flocculondular lobe; receives direct input from vestibular structures--helps maintain muscle tone in postural muscles Involved in maintaining muscle tone and controlling speed & precision of skilled movements--conscious movement; a division of descending motor fibers Sensing device that compares the data from two sources General sensory area; receives general sensory input, such as pain, pressure and temperature from the thalamus Consists of the lateral 2/3 of the lateral hemispheres--communicates w/ the motor, premotor, & prefrontal portions of the cerebral cortex for planning Consciously activated to achieve a specific goal--reflexes mediated through the spinal cord and the brain stem responsible for body movements Connect upper motor neurons to skeletal muscles--voluntary movements depend on these Consists of 3 functional parts; the vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, & cerebrocerebellum 1 Working memory 2 Short-term memory 3 Theta waves 4 Rapid eye movement (REM) 5 Delta waves 6 Amygdala 7 Consolidation 8 Long-term memory 9 Alpha waves 10 Long-term potentiation 11 Beta waves 12 Reticular formation 13 Reticular activating system (RAS) 14 Procedural memory 15 Hippocampus 16 Declarative memory Part of the temporal lobe; contributes emotional overtones to memory, such as feelings of dislike associated with a person Explicit memories; involves the retention of facts that you can easily state or declare Part of the temporal lobe; required to store factual content such as a person's name Facilitation or potentiation of the future transmission of action potentials Regulates the sleep-wake cycle; collateral branches of trigeminothalamic tract neurons project to the RAS stimulating wakefulness & consciousness Lasts longer than working memory and can be stored from minutes to days Person is awake but in a quiet, resting state w/ eyes closed Task-associated memory; occurs when the brain briefly stores information required for immediate performance of a task Group of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem that is involved in regulating cyclical motor functions Process of transferring short-term to long-term memory Usually occur in children, can also occur in adults who are experiencing frustration or who have certain brain disorders A rapid transition from beta rhythm to alpha rhythm; when dreaming occurs Occur in infants, in patients w/ severe brain disorders, & people who are in deep sleep Requires the prior formation of short-term memory; a more stable storage state that lasts from days to years or a lifetime Implicit or reflexive memory; involves the development of skills or procedures--ex: riding a bike Higher frequency than alpha waves; occur during intense mental activity
