Matching Pairs Chapter 15: The Special Senses--matching gameOnline version Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology, thirteenth edition--selected definitions by Alexander Jones 1 Olfaction 2 Olfactory vesicles 3 Olfactory hairs 4 Olfactory region 5 Olfactory epithelium 6 Odorants 7 Olfactory neurons Epithelium of the olfactory recess containing olfactory receptors Extreme superior region of the nasal cavity Olfactory receptor cells; approximately 10 million--the olfactory epithelium contains these cell bodies and dendrites Airborne molecules that enter the nasal cavity & are dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium--some bind to receptor molecules Cilia on olfactory vesicles; lie in a thin film mucous film on the epithelial surface Dendrite ends of olfactory neurons that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity--are modified into bulbous enlargements Sense of smell 1 Supporting cells 2 Sour 3 Taste hair 4 Basal cells 5 Taste pore 6 Papillae 7 Tastants 8 Taste buds 9 Umami 10 Filiform papillae 11 Gustatory receptor cells 12 Foliate papillae 13 Sweet 14 Fungiform papillae 15 Salt 16 Bitter 17 Gustation 18 Vallate papillae Sense of taste Bumps on the tongue A tiny opening in the epithelium; taste hairs extend from these Located in the lateral trenches of the tongue; most of these taste buds degenerate in early childhood Sensory structures that detect taste (gustation) stimuli Taste resulting from tastants that bind to G protein-coupled receptor molecules on taste hairs of taste cells & cause depolarization Undergo mitosis to replace supporting cells every 10 days Filament shaped, the most numerous papillae; no taste buds--located all over the tongue Substances that dissolve in saliva, enter taste pores and, by various mechanisms, stimulate the taste cells About 12 total, form a "V" shape in the back of the tongue; each has 100-300 taste buds Mushroom shaped, scattered all over the tongue with about 5 taste buds in each--small red dots interspersed among the filiform Taste that results when H+ of acids cause depolarization of taste cells Taste resulting in a similar fashion as 'Sweet' through G protein mechanisms 'taste cells'; each taste bud has about 50 of these--sensory cells Taste that results when Na+ diffuses through Na+ channels of taste hairs or other cell surfaces of taste cells The microvilli of taste cells Develop into receptor cells Taste resulting from amino acids, ex: glutamate, bind to receptors on taste hairs of taste cells and cause depolarization through G protein mechanism 1 Eyebrows 2 Palpebral fissures 3 Palpebrae conjunctiva 4 Eyelids 5 Lacrimal apparatus 6 Conjunctiva 7 Nervous tunic 8 Bulbar conjunctiva 9 Eyelashes 10 Lacrimal gland 11 Fibrous tunic 12 Vascular tunic Inner layer of the eyeball; consists of the retina Attached to a double or triple row of hairs on the free edges of eyelids; protect the eyes "Palpebrae"; protect the eyes from foreign objects--work along with eyelashes Collection of hairs superior to the orbits; major function is to prevent perspiration from running down the forehead Thin, transparent mucous membrane associated with the eyelids and exposed areas of the eye Innervated by parasympathetic fibers from CN VII; produces tears, which leave through lacrimal ducts and pass over the anterior surface of the eyeball Consists of a lacrimal gland situated in the superolateral corner of the orbit & a nasolacrimal duct beginning in the inferomedial corner of the orbit Space between the two eyelids Middle layer of the eyeball; consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris Outer layer of the eyeball; consists of sclera and cornea Covers the anterior white surface of the eye Covers the inner surface of the eyelid 1 Optic disk 2 Macula 3 Sphinchter pupillae 4 Dilator pupillae 5 Retina 6 Fovea centralis 7 Sclera 8 Blind spot 9 Lens 10 Ciliary body 11 Cornea 12 Pigmented layer 13 Choroid 14 Pupil 15 Iris 16 Neural layer Small, yellow spot, near the center of the posterior retina Radial group of smooth muscle in the iris; when contracted the size of the pupil increases or dilates Continousl with the sclera; an avascular, transparent structure that permits light to enter the eye--light bends or refracts as it passes through Another name for the optic disk due to its lack of photoreceptors--does not respond to light. Opening in the iris that allows light to enter the eye Specialized portion of the vascular tunic; the "colored' portion of the eye that can be seen through the cornea Circular group of smooth muscle in the iris; when contracted the size of the pupil decreases or constricts--innervated by CN III Unusual biological structure; transparent & convex--greatest convexity is on posterior side; suspended between posterior chamber & vitreous chamber Inner layer of the retina; responds to light--contains numerous photoreceptor cells: 120 million rods, 6-7 million cones, & numerous relay neurons White spot just medial to the macula through which the central retinal artery enters and the central reticular vein exits the eyeball Outer layer of the retina Nervous tunic of the eyeball that is composed of pigmented simple cuboidal epithelium--has an outer pigmented layer and an inner neural layer White, outer layer of the posterior 5/6ths of the eyeball--firm opaque tissue layer that consists of dense collagenous CT w/ elastic fibers Continuous with the choroid; the iris is attached at its lateral margins Portion of the vascular tunic associated with the sclera of the eye--means "membrane" and suggests that this layer is relatively thin Pit in the center of the macula; region of the retina where light is most focused 1 Vitreous chamber 2 Vitreous humor 3 Posterior chamber 4 Aqueous humor 5 Anterior chamber Much larger than the anterior & posterior chambers; almost completely surrounded by the retina & is filled with vitreous humor Smaller area between the iris and the lens Liquid that fills the anterior & posterior chamber; helps maintain intraocular pressure--the pressure keeps the eyeball inflated & maintains shape Area between the cornea and the iris Jellylike substance that fills the vitreous chamber; not produced rapidly like aqueous humor, extremely slow turnover--maintains pressure & shape 1 Cones 2 Convergence 3 Focusing 4 Near point of vision 5 Light adaptation 6 Rhodopsin 7 Visible light 8 Dark adaptation 9 Focal point 10 Rods 11 Refraction 12 Iodopsin 13 Far point of vision 14 Accomodation Bipolar photoreceptor cells involved in noncolor vision; responsible for vision under conditions of reduced light Adjustment to darkness Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by the human eye; includes wavelengths between 380 & 750 nm--"visible spectrum" Point at which light rays cross Point at which the eye can no longer focus an object; where blurring occurs--normally 2-3 inches for a child, 4-6 inches for an adult Bending of light Process of changing lens shape Point at which the lens does not have to thicken for focusing to occur; normally 20 feet Causing light to converge Visual pigment found in cone cells; consists of retinal combined with a photopigment opsin protein--three major types; blue, red, & green Adjustment to light Bipolar photoreceptor cells with a conical, light-sensitive part that tapers slightly from base to apex--provides color vision & visual acuity Purple pigment that consists of the protein 'opsin', covalently bonded to a yellow photosensitive pigment called 'retinal' Medial rotation of the eyes; accomplished by a reflex that stimulates the medial rectus of each eye to contact 1 Inner ear 2 Bony labyrinth 3 Scala tympani 4 Incus 5 Perilymph 6 Membranous labyrinth 7 Endolymph 8 Scala vestibuli 9 Stapes 10 Hair cells 11 Middle ear 12 Spiral organ 13 Auditory tube 14 Malleus 15 Tympanic membrane 16 Annular ligament 17 External ear 18 Cochlea 19 Vestibule 20 Oval window Shell shaped structure; part of the inner ear--scala vestibuli, helicotrema, & scala tympani Extends from the helicotrema, back from the apex, parallel to the scala vestibuli, to the membrane of the round window--found in the cochlea Auditory ossicles transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to this structure Na+ fluid that fills the scala vestibuli and scala tympani K+ fluid that fills the cochlear duct Ossicle; anvil shaped Houses sensory organs for both hearing & balance--consists of interconnecting, fluid-filled tunnels & chambers inside petrous port. of temporal bone Air-filled space within the petrous portion of the temporal bone that contains the auditory ossicles--malleus, incus, stapes; + oval & round window Eustachian tube; opens into the pharynx and equalizes air pressure between the outside air and the middle ear cavity Ossicle; stirrup shaped Ear drum; terminates the outer ear; sends vibrations to the auditory ossicles Specialized sensory cells; have hairlike projections at their apical ends--for hearing; located in the spiral organ Tunnels and chambers inside the temporal bone--vestibule & semicircular canals (balance) & cochlea (hearing) 'organ of corti'; where sensory cells of hearing are found--contains supporting epithelial cells and specialized sensory cells called hair cells Ossicle; hammer shaped Holds the foot plate of the stapes into the oval window The auricle/pinna & external acoustic meatus--terminates at the tympanic membrane; lined with ceruminous glands that produce cerumen Located inside the bony labyrinth; smaller set of membranous tunnels and chambers Extends from the oval window to the helicotrema--found in the cochlea Comprising the utricle and saccule; aids in balance--specifically position of the head relative to gravity 1 Semicircular canals 2 Static labyrinth 3 Ampulla 4 Dynamic labyrinth Associated with the semicircular canals; involved with evaluating movements of the head 3 of these make up the dynamic labyrinth; one lying nearly transverse, one at a right angle, and one in the coronal plane (x, y, & z axes) The expanded base of each semicircular canal Consists of the utricle and the saccule (of the vestibule)--primarily involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity
Match the description to the correct Amendment from the Bill of Rights.
