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Crossword Puzzle

Vocabulary

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Vocabulary
 

Crossword Puzzle

VocabularyOnline version

MI Outcome 2

by Cameron
1

a process in which foreign DNA is introduced into bacterial cells, resulting in the acquisition of new genetic traits

2

Happens when two or more bacteria are in close contact with each other where they link sex pili and transfer plasmids

3

DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus (bacteriophage) Viruses need a host cell to reproduce, DNA trickles in through piercer (like a mosquito)

4

an irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material

5

a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently

6

Ribosomes are macromolecular biological machines found within all cells that perform messenger RNA translation

7

location of cell wall determines Gram + or Gram -, made of peptidoglycan, mesh layer, for protection, and is the structure for bacteria

8

phospholipid plasma membrane, bilayer, many embedded proteins including proteins that contribute to metabolism and that produce endotoxins

9

sticky outer layer of some (not all!) bacteria, they help bacteria hold/stick to surfaces, avoid the immune system of host

10

long whip-like tail, can be 1 or many, spins like propeller (submarine) – move out of harms way

11

hair-like structures that come from cell membrane; two types: attachment pili – help attach to surfaces, sex pili – link with other sex pili to form a bridge that plasmids can move across (called conjugation)

12

components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that trigger a strong immune response when released

13

type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections

14

Inhibit cell wall synthesis (stop cell wall creation) Bacteriacidal → kill bacteria, most effective against growing bacteria Inhibits enzymes involved in peptidoglycan formation Ex: Penicillins (amoxacillin, G-type penicillin)

15

Binds to 30s subunit of a bacterial ribosome Stops tRNA binding = no protein synthesis Kills any bacteria with 30s subunits (gram + and gram -) Ex: Tetracycline, doxycycline, minacycline

16

Inhibits bacterial DNA syracuse and topoisomerase (enzymes essential to DNA replication) No more DNA copies May damage tendon and cartilage growth in humans, use with caution Gram - and gram + Ex: Ciproflaxacin, levoflaxacin, mixiflaxacin

17

Inhibit folic acid synthesis (essential in bacteria for DNA + protein production) Causes bacteria to “starve” to death Mostly Gram - Ex: Sulfamethoxazole

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