Matching Pairs PSYC 1301 CHAPTER 8 STUDY GUIDEOnline version PSYC 1301 CHAPTER 8 STUDY GUIDE by Julian Y. Ramírez 1 phenotype 2 number of pairs of chromosomes 3 recessive genes 4 chromosome 5 genotype 6 number of pairs of sex chromosomes 7 genetics 8 dominant genes 9 Developmental psychology 10 gene 11 nurture 12 number of pairs of autosomes 13 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) 14 nature 15 Human Development 23 an organism's full genetic makeup tightly wound strand of genetic material or DNA scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age (conception → death) explores the physical, emotional, cognitive, & social aspects of dev’t the influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions study of genes, science of inherited traits 1 influence the expression of a trait only when paired with an identical gene section of DNA having the same arrangements of chemical elements 22 influence of inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions actively control the expression of a trait the expression of genes as observable, physical characteristics special molecule that contains the genetic material of an organism 1 fetus 2 embryo 3 monozygotic twins 4 rooting reflex 5 germinal period 6 teratogen 7 moro reflex 8 stepping reflex 9 fetal period 10 sperm 11 fetal alcohol syndrome 12 sucking reflex 13 babinski reflex 14 embryonic period 15 dizygotic twins 16 palmar grasp 17 fertilization 18 critical periods 19 ovum 20 zygote cell resulting from the uniting of the ovum and sperm baby sucks an environmental influence or agent that may harm the developing embryo/fetus baby responds to noise or being dropped by extending arms and bringing them in male sex cell intellectual disability, delayed growth, small head, small eye openings, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip fraternal twins, two eggs get fertilized by separate sperm, two zygotes in the uterus at the same time baby appears to stand when held upright with their feet touching a flat surface stroke cheek, baby turns head inward time from 8 weeks after conception until the birth of the baby the union of the ovum and sperm period from 2-8 weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop identical twins, one zygote cell splits into two masses, which develop into separate embryo egg, female sex cell times during which certain environmental influences are more likely to have an impact on the development of the infant sole of the foot is stroked, baby fans out fingers and toes baby curls finger around an object first 2 weeks after fertilization, zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining name for the developing organism from 2 to 8 weeks after fertilization name for developing organism from 8 weeks after fertilization up until birth of the baby 1 conservation 2 12 months 3 scaffolding 4 10 months 5 object permanence 6 6.5 months 7 6 months 8 11 months 9 proximodistal 10 cephalocaudal 11 20 months 12 14 months 13 9 months 14 17 months 15 2 months 16 3 months 17 2.5 months baby walks backwards baby sits propped up baby walks alone baby walks up steps baby stands alone baby sits without support understanding that an object's properties (like mass or volume) remain the same even if its appearance changes baby stands momentarily "head to tail", lower part of body grows later than head baby lifts head up baby kicks ball forward baby stands holding on baby walks holding on process in which a more-skilled learner gives help to a less-skilled learner, reducing the amount of help as the less-skilled learner becomes capable baby rolls over "near to far", extremities grow later than head, chest and trunk knowledge that an object exists even when it's not in sight 1 easy temperament 2 authoritative parenting 3 Insecure-avoidant attachment 4 Disorganized/Disoriented attachment 5 temperament 6 adolescence 7 Permissive Parents 8 attachment 9 slow-to-warm-up temperaments 10 Insecure-resistant attachment 11 Authoritarian parenting 12 This evil man made the parenting styles 13 difficult temperament 14 Secure attachment not distressed by separation, not comforted by reunions confused, contradictory attachment behaviors 10%, slow to accept new experiences, tends to react negatively & intensely, irregular routines seek closeness with parent, angry at separation, mixed feelings when reunited the strong affectional bond between infants/children and their caregivers no demands, but warm behavioral characteristics which that are fairly well-established at birth, such as easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. Enduring and born with set reasonable limits while providing love & encouragement strict, demanding, overcontrolling Baumrind Transition from childhood to adulthood. Starts with puberty, ends with early adulthood 15% adjusts slowly to new experiences; mild or low-key reactions to environment 40%, generally cheerful, adapts easily, regular routines distressed by a parent leaving but are easily comforted 1 Who made the goddamn stages of psychosocial development 2 generativity vs stagnation 3 ego integrity vs despair 4 industry vs inferiority 5 Trust vs Mistrust 6 identity vs role confusion 7 initiative vs guilt 8 intimacy vs isolation 9 autonomy vs shame and doubt (middle adulthood) aware of mortality, concern for next gen. Either try to influence their family and world or self-absorption and stagnation Erikson (0-18 months),feeding experiences, world is safe and predicable or distrust (18 months - 3 years), toilet training experiences, either independence or fear shame and doubt (6-12 years) experience with school, either feelings of competence and confidence or feelings of failure and incompetence (young adulthood) selecting partners, forming intimate relationships. Either learn to relate to others or isolation and loneliness (late adulthood) conduct a life-review. Either a feeling of acceptance and fulfillment or regret. (3-6 years) experience with independence, dress self, dev friends, accomplish simple tasks, either mastery and initiative or dependence and regret (13-early 20's) making choices, sense of self-occupation, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors. Either strong sense of self(identity) or withdrawal, blend in 1 acceptance 2 Accommodation 3 processes to change schemas 4 Who made the damn operational stages (4 stages of cognitive dev) 5 personal fable 6 cristallized intelligence 7 denial 8 Assimilation 9 bargaining 10 imaginary audience 11 Concrete operational stage 12 depression 13 fluid intelligence 14 Andropause 15 Menopause 16 Formal operational stage 17 Preoperational stage 18 Created the 5 stages of grief/dying 19 Sensorimotor stage 20 anger Elisabeth Kübler-Ross common in adolescents, young people believe that others are just as concerned about the adolescent's thoughts and characteristics as they are lifetime of iintellectual attainments "it isn't fair" common in adolescents, young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm “What has to be, has to be.” 6/7 years to 11/12 years, develop conversation skills with more logical, flexible and organized thought 12-adulthood, develop abstract thought less estrogen, approximately at 51 process of incorporating new objects, situations into existing schemas Piaget "Let me live longer and I’ll be a better person.” 0-2 years, object permanence develops from 2 to 6-7 years, develop symbolic play, have object permanence but lack conservation, demonstrate, centration, irreversibility and egocentrism process of creating new schemas or modifying existing ones to adapt to new experiences mental flexibility; problem solving rarely end of reproductive ability, less testosterone, ends in mid 40's assimilation and accomodation “ I’ve lost everything important to me.” “It must be a mistake.”
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