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The Pleura: Structure, Function, and Pathologies

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The Pleura: Structure, Function, and Pathologies

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Explore pleura structure, functions, and diseases.

Created by

Joy
Joy
United Kingdom

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The Pleura: Structure, Function, and Pathologies
 

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The Pleura: Structure, Function, and PathologiesOnline version

Explore pleura structure, functions, and diseases.

by Joy
1

The pleura are serous membranes that form a two - layered sac around each lung , consisting of the pleura ( covering the lung surface ) and the pleura ( lining the thoracic cavity ) . Between these layers lies the , a potential space containing a thin film of . This structure facilitates lung movement during respiration and maintains lung inflation through . Pathologies of the pleura include ( fluid accumulation ) , ( air in the pleural cavity ) , ( empyema ) , ( pleuritis ) , and , all of which can significantly impair respiratory function .

2

The pleura is a serous membrane composed of two continuous layers :
Visceral : This layer directly covers the surface of the lungs , dipping into the that divide the lung lobes . It is sensitive to pain due to lack of
Parietal : This outer layer lines the surface of the and is divided into the following parts based on the region it covers :
Costal : Lines the ribs and intercostal spaces .
Mediastinal : Covers the lateral aspects of the mediastinum .
Diaphragmatic : Covers the superior surface of the diaphragm .
Cervical ( cupula ) : Extends into the root of the neck , superior to the first rib .
The visceral and parietal pleura are continuous with each other at the root of the lung and extend inferiorly as the .

3

The is a potential space located between the visceral and parietal pleura . It contains a small amount of fluid ( approximately 0 . 1 to 0 . 2 mL / kg body weight under normal circumstances )

4

Pleural recesses are potential spaces within the pleural cavity where the lungs expand during :

: Located between the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae . It is clinically significant as often collects here due to , appearing as " blunting " of the on X - rays .
: Found at the border of the mediastinal and costal pleura .

5

: Richly innervated and pain - sensitive . The mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura are supplied by the ( C3 , C4 , C5 ) , while the costal pleura is supplied by the .
: Lacks sensory innervation and is not pain - sensitiv e

6

The pleura serves several vital functions :
and : The serous fluid within the pleural cavity acts as a , allowing the lungs to glide smoothly against the chest wall during respiration with minimal friction .
: The surface tension created by the pleural fluid holds the visceral and parietal pleura together , effectively coupling the lungs to the chest wall . This ensures that as the chest wall expands and contracts , the lungs follow suit , facilitating and .
: Pleural fluid is primarily produced by filtration from the of the parietal pleura and drained via , maintaining a . Mesothelial cells lining the pleura secrete - rich glycoproteins , contributing to lubrication and a low - friction surface . The mesothelium also participates in .

 
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