Muscle Masters: Chapter 9 Key Terms

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Test your mastery of skeletal muscle basics.

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Ella Benware

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Muscle Masters: Chapter 9 Key Terms


Froggy Jumps Muscle Masters: Chapter 9 Key TermsOnline version Test your mastery of skeletal muscle basics. by Ella Benware 1 What is the basic functional unit of a muscle called? a Sarcomere b Fascicle c Myofibril 2 Which filament primarily contains actin in a sarcomere? a Thick filament b Nebulin c Thin filament 3 What protein forms the motor component of the thick filament? a Myosin b Actin c Troponin 4 Which protein regulates access to myosin binding sites on actin? a Tropomyosin b Titin c Nebulin 5 Which complex exposes the actin binding site upon Ca2+ binding? a Troponin b Titin c Myosin head 6 What is the repeating unit within a myofibril called? a Triad b Sarcomere c Z-line 7 What region contains only actin filaments in a sarcomere? a A band b H band c I band 8 Which band contains both actin and myosin filaments? a A band b I band c H band 9 What is the zone where actin and myosin overlap during contraction? a M-line b I band c Zone of overlap 10 Which line anchors actin filaments at each end of a sarcomere? a T-tubule b Z-line c M-line 11 Which line stabilizes thick filaments at the center of the sarcomere? a M-line b Z-line c I-band 12 What spans the sarcolemma and skeletal muscle fiber communication? a Costamere b T-tubule c Desmin 13 Which protein connects myofibrils to the sarcolemma and endomysium? a Titin b Nebulin c Dystrophin 14 What is the largest protein in the human body involved in stabilizing the sarcomere? a Desmin b Titin c Nebulin 15 Which protein binds actin and stabilizes the thin filament complex? a Titin b Nebulin c Dystrophin 16 What structure stores large amounts of Ca2+ for muscle contraction? a Mitochondria b Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c Golgi apparatus 17 What invaginates the sarcoplasm to wrap each myofibril? a T-tubule b Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c Sarcoplasm 18 What is the triad in muscle cells? a A Z-line complex b Two terminal cisternae and a T-tubule c A single myofibril 19 What is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber called? a Sarcoplasmic reticulum b Sarcolemma c Sarcoplasm 20 What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber? a Sarcolemma b Endomysium c Sarcoplasm 21 Which connective tissue surrounds a muscle fascicle? a Epimysium b Perimysium c Endomysium 22 Which connective tissue surrounds the entire muscle? a Endomysium b Perimysium c Epimysium 23 What separates individual muscle fibers inside a fascicle? a Epimysium b Perimysium c Endomysium 24 What attaches muscle to bone with dense connective tissue? a Tendon b Ligament c Aponeuroses 25 What are broad flat sheets that attach muscle to bone surfaces? a Ligament b Tendon c Aponeuroses 26 Which organization turns on contraction via Ca2+ release? a Sarcoplasmic Reticulum b Mitochondria c Nucleus 27 What protein forms the contractile core by binding actin? a Actin b Troponin c Myosin 28 Which structure is responsible for force transfer to the endomysium? a Sarcoplasmic Reticulum b T-tubule c Costamere 29 Which element is essential for cross-bridge formation? a Calcium b Sodium c Chloride 30 What connects muscle fibers to the endomysium and tendon? a Titin b Dystrophin complex c Nebulin 31 Which band disappears when a muscle fiber contracts? a M-line b I band c A band 32 Which zone contains only myosin filaments at rest? a Zone of overlap b I band c H band 33 What is the term for a muscle precursor cell that remains for repair? a Myoblast b Satellite cell c Fibroblast 34 What stores glycogen for energy in muscle cells? a Myoglobin b Cholesterol c Glycogen granules 35 What molecule stores oxygen in muscle tissue? a Myoglobin b Hemoglobin c Ceruloplasmin 36 Which structural protein anchors actin at the Z-line and transmits force? a Titin b Desmin c Nebulin 37 Which component stabilizes the sarcomere from the Z-line to thick filaments? a Dystrophin b Nebulin c Titin 38 What type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control and striated? a Smooth muscle b Cardiac muscle c Skeletal muscle 39 Which muscle protein links internal cytoskeleton to the membrane complex? a T-tubule b Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c Costamere 40 What structure connects sarcomeres to the sarcolemma? a M-line b Z-line c Costamere 41 Which filament has ATPase activity for contraction? a Thin filament (actin) b Thick filament (myosin) c Titin 42 What is the primary site for calcium storage in muscle? a Nucleus b Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c Golgi 43 Which component forms the cross-bridge cycle with myosin heads? a Collagen b Actin c Tubulin 44 Which term describes the outward appearance of muscle fibers? a Sarcomere organization b Aponeuroses c Endomysium 45 What is the connective tissue layer immediately surrounding a muscle fiber? a Epimysium b Endomysium c Perimysium 46 Which protein is linked to muscular dystrophy when mutated? a Nebulin b Dystrophin c Titin 47 What term describes the muscle’s energy-producing organelle abundance? a Mitochondria b Nuclei c Ribosomes 48 Which is responsible for transmitting force to the endomysium? a Keratin b Myelin c Cytoskeletal proteins (e.g., desmin) 49 Which region of a sarcomere shortens during contraction? a Zone of overlap b I band c A band 50 Which component is part of the triad in muscle cells? a Z-line b Terminal cisterna c M-line 51 Which cytoskeletal element directly binds to the Z-line and thick filaments? a Titin b Desmin c Nebulin 52 Which feature describes the striated appearance of muscle? a Myofibril diameter b Organization of actin and myosin c Endomysium thickness 53 What type of filament is primarily a long actin chain? a Thin filament b Titin c Thick filament 54 What term refers to the connective tissue sheath around a muscle fascicle? a Endomysium b Epimysium c Perimysium 55 Which molecule directly triggers the exposure of myosin binding sites? a Na+ b K+ c Ca2+ 56 Which protein forms the tender-to-endomysium linkage in the costamere? a Titin b Dystrophin complex c Nebulin 57 What structure holds the Sarcolemma and participates in excitation spread? a M-line b Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c T-tubule 58 Which part of the sarcomere contains thick filaments only at rest? a H band b I band c Zone of overlap 59 Which component anchors the Z-line to neighboring myofibrils? a Z-line protein complexes b M-line c Troponin 60 Which protein provides elasticity and alignment in the sarcomere? a Nebulin b Desmin c Titin 61 Which structure is essential for force transfer from muscle to tendon? a Aponeuroses b Sarcolemma c Costamere 62 What stores energy and assists rapid ATP production in muscle? a Cholesterol b Myoglobin c Glycogen granules 63 Which molecule binds along tropomyosin to regulate actin access? a Troponin b Nebulin c Titin 64 Which fatty/acellular tissue surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers? a Epimysium b Endomysium c Perimysium 65 Which protein is linked to Ca2+ regulation in the contraction cycle? a Dystrophin b Titin c Troponin 66 What is the energy powerhouse for muscle contraction? a Lysosomes b Mitochondria c Ribosomes 67 Which band shortens and may disappear during contraction? a M-line b A band c I band 68 Which term describes the muscle fiber’s connective tissue layering from inside out? a Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasm, SR b Tendon, Aponeuroses, Ligament c Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium 69 What attaches directly to bone at each end of a muscle? a Ligament b Tendon c Aponeuroses 70 What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called? a Myofibril b Fascicle c Sarcomere 71 Which band contains only myosin thick filaments at rest? a Zone of overlap b H band c I band 72 Which structure wraps each myofibril within the cell? a Mitochondria b Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c Nucleus 73 Which protein provides attachment for actin to the sarcolemma via costameres? a Dystrophin b Tit in c Nebulin 74 What is the loose connective tissue layer between muscle fibers called? a Endomysium b Perimysium c Epimysium 75 Which component helps align sarcomeres with the cellular membrane? a Costamere b T-tubule c Z-line 76 What stores calcium in the muscle cell? a Golgi b Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c Lysosome 77 Which structure exposes myosin-binding sites on actin upon Ca2+ release? a Dystrophin complex b Nebulin-tibrin complex c Troponin-tropomyosin complex 78 Which term describes the smooth muscle organization around vessels and organs? a Skeletal muscle b Cardiac muscle c Smooth muscle 79 What is the dense connective tissue that attaches at a single point to bone? a Aponeuroses b Endomysium c Tendon 80 Which component of muscle fibers transmits force to neighboring fibers? a Actin b Myosin c Desmin/ cytoskeletal network 81 What connects neighboring myofibrils to the sarcolemma? a Costamere b Z-line c M-line 82 Which structure is the site of calcium release into the cytoplasm? a M-line b Z-line c Terminal cisterna (SR) 83 What term describes the aggregate of muscle fibers and their connective tissue? a Tendon b Muscle c Fascicle 84 Which component contains actin and the regulatory proteins? a Thin filament b Tit in c Thick filament 85 What keeps sarcomeres organized along the length of the myofibril? a Collagen only b Sarcomere alignment proteins (e.g., titin, desmin) c Myelin sheath proteins 86 Which term refers to the contraction mechanism described as sliding filaments? a Cross-bridge theory b Sliding filament theory c Muscle elasticity theory 87 What is the connective tissue layer surrounding a muscle called? a Epimysium b Perimysium c Endomysium 88 Which molecule is primarily responsible for bridging actin and myosin? a Troponin b Titin c Cross-bridge (myosin heads) 89 Which protein connects sarcomeres to the sarcolemma via costameres? a Titin b Dystrophin complex c Nebulin 90 What structure best describes the system that stores Ca2+ in the muscle? a Lysosome b Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c Nucleus 91 Which component anchors myofibrils to each other within a fiber? a Desmin/ cytoskeletal network b Actin c Myosin

Muscle Masters: Chapter 9 Key Terms

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Muscle Masters: Chapter 9 Key TermsOnline version

by Ella Benware

What is the basic functional unit of a muscle called?

Which filament primarily contains actin in a sarcomere?

What protein forms the motor component of the thick filament?

Which protein regulates access to myosin binding sites on actin?

Which complex exposes the actin binding site upon Ca2+ binding?

What is the repeating unit within a myofibril called?

What region contains only actin filaments in a sarcomere?

Which band contains both actin and myosin filaments?

What is the zone where actin and myosin overlap during contraction?

Which line anchors actin filaments at each end of a sarcomere?

Which line stabilizes thick filaments at the center of the sarcomere?

What spans the sarcolemma and skeletal muscle fiber communication?

Which protein connects myofibrils to the sarcolemma and endomysium?

What is the largest protein in the human body involved in stabilizing the sarcomere?

Which protein binds actin and stabilizes the thin filament complex?

What structure stores large amounts of Ca2+ for muscle contraction?

What invaginates the sarcoplasm to wrap each myofibril?

What is the triad in muscle cells?

What is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber called?

What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber?

Which connective tissue surrounds a muscle fascicle?

Which connective tissue surrounds the entire muscle?

What separates individual muscle fibers inside a fascicle?

What attaches muscle to bone with dense connective tissue?

What are broad flat sheets that attach muscle to bone surfaces?

Which organization turns on contraction via Ca2+ release?

What protein forms the contractile core by binding actin?

Which structure is responsible for force transfer to the endomysium?

Which element is essential for cross-bridge formation?

What connects muscle fibers to the endomysium and tendon?

Which band disappears when a muscle fiber contracts?

Which zone contains only myosin filaments at rest?

What is the term for a muscle precursor cell that remains for repair?

What stores glycogen for energy in muscle cells?

What molecule stores oxygen in muscle tissue?

Which structural protein anchors actin at the Z-line and transmits force?

Which component stabilizes the sarcomere from the Z-line to thick filaments?

What type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control and striated?

Which muscle protein links internal cytoskeleton to the membrane complex?

What structure connects sarcomeres to the sarcolemma?

Which filament has ATPase activity for contraction?

What is the primary site for calcium storage in muscle?

Which component forms the cross-bridge cycle with myosin heads?

Which term describes the outward appearance of muscle fibers?

What is the connective tissue layer immediately surrounding a muscle fiber?

Which protein is linked to muscular dystrophy when mutated?

What term describes the muscle’s energy-producing organelle abundance?

Which is responsible for transmitting force to the endomysium?

Which region of a sarcomere shortens during contraction?

Which component is part of the triad in muscle cells?

Which cytoskeletal element directly binds to the Z-line and thick filaments?

Which feature describes the striated appearance of muscle?

What type of filament is primarily a long actin chain?

What term refers to the connective tissue sheath around a muscle fascicle?

Which molecule directly triggers the exposure of myosin binding sites?

Which protein forms the tender-to-endomysium linkage in the costamere?

What structure holds the Sarcolemma and participates in excitation spread?

Which part of the sarcomere contains thick filaments only at rest?

Which component anchors the Z-line to neighboring myofibrils?

Which protein provides elasticity and alignment in the sarcomere?

Which structure is essential for force transfer from muscle to tendon?