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Chig'atoy ulusi

Created by

Asilbek
Asilbek
Uzbekistan

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Chig'atoy ulusi

by Asilbek
1

Chingizxon vafotidan keyin uning harbiy yurishlari natijasida qo ? lga kiritilgan ulkan
hudud o ? g ? illari Jo ? chi , ? atoy , O ? qtoy va To ? li o ? rtasida taqsimlangan hamda har bir
siyosiy birlik deyilgan . Mo ? g ? ullar saltanatining poytaxti va ulug ? xonning qarorgohi
shahri sanalgan . Chig ? atoyga Turonning kattagina bo ? lagi ? shimolda Yettisuvdan janubda Amudaryogacha , g ? arbda Xorazmning janubidan Sharqiy Turkistongacha bo ? lgan yerlar berilgan .
Shu tariqa , chingiziylar tomonidan tuzilgan Chig ? atoy ulusi paydo bo ? lgan . Uning markazi
dastlab shahrida ( hozirgi Xitoyning Shinjon viloyatiga qarashli joy ) bo ? lgan , keyinchalik ko ? chirilgan .

2

Chig ? atoyxon avlodidan bo ? lgan hokimiyatning markazlashuviga qarshilik ko ? rsatgan turk - mo ? g ? ul amirlari bilan kurashga kirishdi . Isyon boshida amir ? on turar edi . U ochiqdan ochiq xonga qarshi chiqdi va - yil kuzida Amudaryo qirg ? og ? idagi Soli Saroy hududida qo ? shin to ? pladi . ikki qo ? shin to ? qnash keldi va jangda amir Qazag ? onning ko ? ziga o ? q tegdi . Natijada amir Qazag ? on yengilib , janubga chekindi . Qozonxon esa dushmanni ta ? qib qilish o ? rniga qaytib keldi .

3

Amir davlatning boshida turgan va u " ulus amiri " deb atalgan . Amir ? on joriy etgan Chig ? atoy xonlarini nomigagina taxtga ko ? tarish an ? anasi esa shu davrdan boshlab o ? zbek davlatchiligi tarixiga " qo ? g ? irchoq xon " ,
" soxta xon " kabi tushunchalarni olib kirgan . Amir Qazag ? on ilk bor " soxta xon " sifatida ? qtoy naslidan bo ? lgan taxtga ko ? targan . Amir Qazag ? on o ? limidan so ? ng o ? g ? li amirzoda taxtni egalladi , lekin hokimiyati uzoq davom etmadi . Uning mamlakat boshqaruvidagi adolatsiz va qattiqqo ? l siyosati Movarounnahrda amirlar isyoniga sabab bo ? ld i

4

urug ? idan Amir Hoji Barlos boshchiligidagi bir guruh amirlar isyon ko ? tarib ,
Abdullohni taxtdan ag ? darishdi . Ushbu isyon natijasida Movarounnahrda boshboshdoqliklar avj olib ketdi . Chig ? atoy ulusining ? arbiy qismida taxt uchun kurashlar ketayotgan bir paytda , - yilda Tug ? luq Temur Chig ? atoy ulusining qismida hukmdor bo ? ldi . Buning natijasida goh bo ? linib , goh birlashtirib turilgan Chig ? atoy ulusi rasman ikkiga bo ? linib ketdi . ? atoy ulusining har ikki qismida ham " xon " lar real hokimiyatga ega bo ? lmay , amirlar boshqaruviga qaram bo ? lib qolgan edi .

5

Mo ? g ? ullar saltanatida ta soliq turi joriy qilingan bo ? lib , hunarmand va savdogarlar
" tamg ? a " , chorvachilar " qopchur " va dehqonlar " kalon " solig ? ini doimiy tarzda to ? lab
borishgan . O ? troq aholidan tashqari ko ? chmanchilar mahsulot tarzida to ? laydigan soliq
" shulen " deb nomlangan . Bunda har bir podadan ikki yashar qo ? y , qimiz uchun har mingta otdan bir biya olingan . To ? rtinchi soliq esa bir yilda bir marta mo ? g ? ul hukmdorlarini
sharaflash uchun ularga bo ? ysunuvchi xalqlardan yig ? ib olingan .

6

Mo ? g ? ullar bosqini va hukmronligi Turon ilmfani va madaniy hayotiga salbiy ta ? sir ko ? rsatishi tabiiy edi . Bu davrda tariqati rivojlanib , Oltin O ? rda xoni davrida
xonlikning katta hududiga yoyildi . onasi o ? zi barpo etgan " Xoniya "
madrasasiga Sayfiddin Boxarziyni mudarris etib tayinlagan .

7

Chig ? atoy xonlaridan birinchi bo ? lib islom dinini qabul qildi . O ? rta Osiyoda VIII asrdan ta ? lim tili va tili bo ? lib kelgan bo ? lsa , Chig ? atoy ulusida ? ur tili ham alohida nufuzga ega hisoblangan . Mo ? g ? ul qabilalarining o ? z yozuvi mavjud emasligi sabab Chingizxon mo ? g ? ullar uchun ? ur yozuvini qabul qildi .

8

Boshlang ? ich maktablar VIII ? IX asrlardan boshlab " kattoblar " deb ham atalgan . Ular
arabcha " kataba " , ya ? ni fe ? lidan olingan va keyinchalik bu nom ko ? plab mamlakatlarda " maktab " so ? zi bilan almashgan . Maktab umumiy ma ? noda yozadigan joymazmunini anglatgan . " Madrasa " so ? zi esa
" darasa " dan olingan bo ? lib , dars oladigan joy mazmunini anglatgan . Maktablarning maqsadi o ? qish va yozishni o ? rgatish hamda islom dinining asoslari bilan tanishtirishdan iborat bo ? lga n

9

" Baxshi " atamasining ijrochisi
ma ? nosidan boshqa mazmuni ham bor .
Chig ? atoy ulusi , Oltin O ? rda , keyinchalik
va Qrim xonliklarida kotiblarni
Boburiylar davlatida harbiy qismlarning
hisob - kitob ishlarini olib boruvchi va ularga
maosh to ? lovchi yirik amaldorlarni ,
xonligida ma ? muriy binolar qurishda mablag ?
( sarf - xarajat ) hisobini olib boruvchi kishilarni ,
urug ? oqsoqollarini ham baxshi
deb atashga n

 
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