Froggy Jumps Bio Basics QuizOnline version Quick biology challenge by Olivia Tubbs 1 Which of the following is a difference between a viroid and a virus? a Viroids are alive and viruses are not. b Viroids infect only plants while viruses infect only animals and prokaryotes. c Viroids are composed solely of nucleic acid while viruses are composed of nucleic acid surrounded by 2 How do the reproduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and bacteriophage lambda differ from each other? a HIV encodes and uses reverse transcriptase, while lambda phage does not b HIV production requires integrase, while bacteriophage lambda does not c Bacteriophage lambda attaches to specific proteins on the cell surface, while HIV does not 3 What mechanism is used by a bacterial cell to fit its DNA into the nucleoid region? a The formation of loop domains and supercoiling by topoisomerases b Supercoiling by topoisomerases c The formation of loop domains, supercoiling by topoisomerases, and tight wrapping around histones to 4 The influenza virus is typical of many animal viruses in that is has an envelope composed of lipids and glycoproteins. Which statement about the envelope is accurate? a The envelope glycoproteins are encoded by genes found in the host genome. b The envelope is obtained from the host cell when the virus buds from the plasma membrane. c The envelope is formed via the action of integrase. 5 A bacterial cell must have ________ in order to transfer portions of its chromosome to another cell. a An F factor b A high frequency of combination plasmid c Growth enhancement genes 6 Soon after the introduction of antibiotics, resistant strains of bacteria that could grow in the presence of particular antibiotics began to evolve. Which explains why resistant strains can evolve so quickly? a Bacteria have a short generation time and can transfer plasmids containing resistance genes via conj b Bacteria have a long generation time. c Horizontal gene transfer. 7 A prokaryote strain of bacteria develops the ability to produce the amino acid proline. This mutant rescue could have been caused by a Mutation of the proB gene during phage integration. b Addition of the proA gene via transduction. c Addition of the proA gene via transformation. 8 Transduction is a The transfer of bacterial genes to another bacteria by a virus. b The transfer of viral genes to a bacteria by a virus. c The transfer of bacterial genes to another via a pilus. 9 Bacterial infections have become much more of a threat to human health due to which of the following? a Horizontal transfer of pathogenicity b An increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocuous strains c An increased use of antibiotics coupled with an increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocu 10 Bacterial infections have become much more of a threat to human health due to which of the following? a An increased use of antibiotics, horizontal transfer of pathogenicity, and an increase in acquired a b The increased use of antibiotics c An increase in acquired antibiotic resistance by innocuous strains 11 Bacteria can exchange DNA between strains of the same species and between different species. a False b True 12 The interlocking rib cage of Tiktaalik roseae suggests that this transitional organism had lungs. What other traits were found in T. roseae, but not in its ancestral form? a Articulating hip bones. b Primitive wrist and finger-like bones. c An upright stance. 13 English ivy and wintercreeper are not closely related, yet both have aerial rootlets that allow them to climb up and stick to bark on trees. What type of evolution is this? a Analogous and convergent. b Radial. c Convergent. 14 During endocytosis, if a bacterial cell is not degraded and bacterial DNA is taken up by the eukaryotic cell, what may have occurred? a Vertical exon shuffling. b Chromosomal duplication and genomic exchange. c Horizontal gene transfer. 15 You are excited because you just purchased a male guppy that has red, blue and green colors on its fins and tail... After three weeks you have many new baby guppies and with the new color combination. This is an example of which type of selection? a Natural b Artificial c Analogous 16 Evolution at the genomic level involves changes in a Chromosome structure and number. b Sequences of amino acids in proteins. c DNA and histone relationships. 17 What field of study uses geographic distribution of extinct and living species to determine patterns of evolution? a Geneology. b Geology. c Biogeography. 18 Which scenario best illustrates the process of natural selection? a A plant loses its leaves in a drought. b A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide. c A population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available. 19 Cacti in the deserts of southwestern North America and some euphorbs of the deserts of Africa have barrel-shaped stems... This is an example of a Transitional forms. b Convergent evolution. c Homologous traits. 20 The concept of a species was proposed by a Erasmus Darwin. b Charles Darwin. c Carolus Linneaus. 21 What idea is shared by both Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution? a Adaptation is driven by differences in survival and reproductive success. b Environmental changes can lead to the modification of traits. c Evolution involves a continuous increase in complexity. 22 The human beta-globin gene has two alleles, HS and HA... If a vaccine for malaria was created that was 100% effective, affordable, and widely available, what would happen to the frequency of the HS allele? a The HS allele would remain stable everywhere. b The HS allele would decrease in regions where malaria is prevalent and remain stable in regions wher c The HS allele would increase in regions where malaria is prevalent and decrease in regions where mal 23 In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p + q = _______, where p and q represent ________. a 1, allele frequencies b 1, genotype frequencies c 2, allele frequencies 24 Fitness is a measure of reproductive success. If BB produces 6, Bb 10, bb 5 offspring, what is the fitness value for BB? a 0.6 b 1.0 c 0.5 25 If a population satisfies the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model, what can you assume about that population? a Evolution is occurring. b Gene flow is occurring. c Allele and genotype frequencies are stable.
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