Lecture 10

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Test your ecology knowledge

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Audrey Pagel

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Lecture 10


Froggy Jumps Lecture 10Online version Test your ecology knowledge by Audrey Pagel 1 What is the modern definition of ecology? a The classification of species based on morphology. b The scientific study of the abundance and distribution of organisms in relation to other organisms a c The study of fossilized organisms and their habitats. 2 Who coined the term "ecology"? a Carl Linnaeus in 1758. b Charles Darwin in 1859. c Ernst Haeckel in 1869. 3 What does the Greek root ״eco״ (oikos) mean? a Life. b Environment. c House. 4 At what levels can ecology be studied? a Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family. b Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere. c Molecule, organ, cell, tissue, organ system. 5 What is a biological system? a A collection of perfectly isolated organisms. b A static group of identical individuals. c An entity with internal processes that interacts with its external surroundings. 6 What does the individual approach of ecology study? a How populations mutate over geological time. b How an organism’s adaptations (morphology, physiology, behavior) allow it to survive. c How ecosystems exchange energy with the universe. 7 What does the population approach study? a Interactions among different species in a community. b Energy flow between trophic levels. c Variation in number, density, and composition of individuals over time and space. 8 What does the community approach examine? a Physical structure of habitats only. b Genetic variation within a single organism. c Diversity and interactions of organisms living together. 9 What does the ecosystem approach describe? a Isolation of species within a habitat. b Storage and transfer of energy and matter. c Individual behavioral responses only. 10 What does the biosphere approach study? a The anatomy of organisms in isolation. b Historical distribution of climates over millennia. c Movements of energy and chemicals across Earth’s surface. 11 What is a dynamic steady state? a A system with no energy input. b A rapidly changing, unstable system. c When gains and losses of matter and energy are in equilibrium. 12 What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? a Matter can be created from nothing. b Energy is always instantly converted to heat. c Matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed. 13 What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? a Energy transformations are never 100% efficient; some is lost as heat. b Energy can be created from dark matter. c All energy transformations are 100% efficient. 14 What is an ecological niche? a The genetic makeup of a species. b The range of environmental conditions an organism can tolerate ("n-dimensional hypervolume"). c The physical space an organism occupies. 15 Who defined the niche as an "n-dimensional hypervolume"? a G. E. Hutchinson. b Charles Darwin. c Rosenweig and Abrams. 16 Can two species occupy the exact same niche? a No. b Yes, always. c Only if they are in different habitats. 17 What two outcomes occur when niche overlap is high? a Niche amplification or mutualism. b Character displacement or competitive exclusion. c Symbiosis or parasitism. 18 What is homeostasis? a Maintaining a stable internal environment regardless of external conditions. b Constant external environmental changes. c Random fluctuations without regulation. 19 What is acclimatization? a Physiological changes made in response to environmental change. b Genetic mutation over generations. c Immediate evolutionary adaptation. 20 What is an example of acute acclimatization? a Development of new coloration. b Increased heart rate or increased blood flow to the skin. c Migration to a warmer climate. 21 What is an example of chronic acclimatization? a Immediate shivering during cold exposure. b Generation of new metabolic enzymes. c Increased blood plasma volume after long-term heat exposure. 22 What are the three types of thermoregulatory responses? a Physiological, morphological, and behavioral. b Energetic, mechanical, and optical. c Genetic, chemical, and emotional. 23 What is conduction? a Heat generation inside an organism. b Heat transfer between substances in direct contact. c Heat transfer by radiation through space. 24 What is convection? a Heat transfer via direct contact. b Heat storage within tissues. c Heat transfer by movement of liquids or gases. 25 What is evaporation? a Heat transfer by osmosis. b Heat gain when water condenses. c Heat loss when water changes from liquid to gas. 26 What are ectotherms? a Organisms that regulate temperature internally only. b Organisms with a fixed body temperature regardless of environment. c Organisms whose body temperature is determined by the environment. 27 What are endotherms? a Organisms relying solely on external heat sources. b Organisms with no metabolic heat production. c Organisms that generate metabolic heat to regulate body temperature. 28 What increases metabolic rate in endotherms? a Only activity level, not temperature difference. b A larger temperature difference between body temperature and the environment. c A smaller temperature difference. 29 What is a population? a Individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time. b A group of habitats in a region. c All species living in an ecosystem. 30 What are the three characteristics of population ecology? a Migrations, mutations, and births. b Range, spacing, and changes in size over time. c Predation rates, climate, and nutrients. 31 What are the three patterns of spacing? a Sparse, dense, and dispersed. b Random, uniform, and clumped. c Circular, linear, and radial.

Lecture 10

Froggy Jumps

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Froggy Jumps

Lecture 10Online version

by Audrey Pagel

What is the modern definition of ecology?

Who coined the term "ecology"?

What does the Greek root ״eco״ (oikos) mean?

At what levels can ecology be studied?

What is a biological system?

What does the individual approach of ecology study?

What does the population approach study?

What does the community approach examine?

What does the ecosystem approach describe?

What does the biosphere approach study?

What is a dynamic steady state?

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

What is an ecological niche?

Who defined the niche as an "n-dimensional hypervolume"?

Can two species occupy the exact same niche?

What two outcomes occur when niche overlap is high?

What is homeostasis?

What is acclimatization?

What is an example of acute acclimatization?

What is an example of chronic acclimatization?

What are the three types of thermoregulatory responses?

What is conduction?

What is convection?

What is evaporation?

What are ectotherms?

What are endotherms?

What increases metabolic rate in endotherms?

What is a population?

What are the three characteristics of population ecology?

What are the three patterns of spacing?