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Ch 8 & 9 DNA Structure and Replication

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Ch 8 & 9 DNA Structure and Replication

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Brian Pichola
Brian Pichola
United States

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Ch 8 & 9 DNA Structure and Replication
 

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Ch 8 & 9 DNA Structure and ReplicationOnline version

Like the notes. You have blanks and a word bank to use to fill them in.

by Brian Pichola
1

1949 Edwin noticed that and appear almost in DNA , no matter what the organism !
Early 1950 ? s ? Rosalind took first X - ray of DNA molecule
1953 James and
Francis announced shape ( based on
Franklin ? s Xray ) .

2

DNA represents a
That code will be ( transcription )
The copy will leave the
The copy will be to make a ( translation )
The protein will build some or some function in the cell or body
That ? s how DNA in the nucleus is the ? control ? of the cell

3

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Makes up
Chromosomes have small areas called
Genes are a section of that is a for a that does some or some structure in your body ( more about this later in class )

4

like a twisted made of subunits called . Has three parts :
deoxyribose ( )
group
base
different bases :
adenine guanine cytosine thymine
Bases match each other ( ) , matches with T , G matches with
Order of bases called the

5

DNA copies itself when cells are going to .
DNA ( an enzyme ) " unzips " the DNA molecule by breaking the ( weak ) between nitrogen bases .
Area where " unzips " is called .
DNA ( another enzyme ) matches base pairs with their complement ( A with , with C ? Chargaff ? s Rule ) on strands . The are already in the nucleus .

6

Because one strand is upside down ( ) , one strand is copied as one piece ( ) and one is copied in ( Okazaki fragments ) and pieced together ( ) by .
continues until strand is copied . Since two new strands have 1 original and 1 new , it ? s called .

7

In ( bacteria ) , DNA is a and replication starts at point and goes around both ways until it ? s done .
Thus there will be replication forks .
In eukaryotes , replication will start in places , so there are many .

8

Mistakes in copying DNA can be ( and often are ) made , but are usually caught by and fixed .
If not fixed , called , and the base sequence .
Sometimes this is and leads to a new adaptation ( )
Sometimes its ( cancer , other genetic disorders )
There are also mutations to , but we ? ll talk about all of this in more detail later .

9

Not all sections of DNA are ? codes for that run functions
Some are just base pairs and are called ( used to be called ) where sequences just over and over
The of repeats is individual , just like fingerprints are
This DNA can be looked at and compared in a process called

10

Small samples of DNA is often copied over and over in a process called PCR ( )
The DNA is cut into pieces by a .
Because the repeats are cut , and the repeats are , how it is cut is to each person
The DNA is then loaded into a and is run through it
The DNA pieces in the gel and are

11

can be used for things other than solving , such as :
Family
Identify of catastrophes
Settle debates
Study human patterns and genealogy
Study

 
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