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Ch 8.4+ RNA and Protein Synthesis

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Ch 8.4+ RNA and Protein Synthesis

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About this activity

Basically the notes...blanks and word bank.

Created by

Brian Pichola
Brian Pichola
United States

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Ch 8.4+ RNA and Protein Synthesis
 

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Ch 8.4+ RNA and Protein SynthesisOnline version

Basically the notes...blanks and word bank.

by Brian Pichola
1

This whole process is the main belief ( ) about how our cells and bodies work
DNA is a ?
That can be for all cells ( )
That gets copied to ( )
That gets into ( translation )
That makes a to something or run some

2

Three different types of RNA :
mRNA ( ) used as to make protein
rRNA ( ribosomal ) makes up ribosomes where proteins will be
tRNA ( transfer ) matches to mRNA to help make

3

2 steps :
( DNA is made into in the )
( mRNA is made into a by in the cytoplasm or ER )
Similar to DNA Replication
DNA molecule is opened
DNA is matched
Different from DNA Replication
only of molecule is copied
matches with adenine instead of
is the enzyme
section of DNA ? one gene is copied ? not the whole molecule

4

transcribe ( to )
happens in the
DNA ? s code is copied onto
1 . binds to beginning of a gene ( ) and unwinds DNA
2 . Complementary ( ) bases copied from of DNA to create RNA
3 . Termination ( ) signal reached , mRNA and DNA free 

5

How does the body know when to use a gene or not ?
There ? s an area called the where binds ? the " start " of a gene
But there ? s an area after that called an that is like an switch

6

And not all of the DNA that ? s copied is part of the mRNA
Parts called get edited out
Parts called actually become part ofthe mRNA to be copied into a

7

RNA ? s " language " is translated into ( which will become a )
RNA ? s language is set of nucleotides called a ? 3 nitrogen bases in a row
Codons match with specific amino acids to make ( which will be modified to make a protein )
amino acids all together
More than 20 codons , so some amino acids have codon . There is also 1 codon and 3 codons .

8

1 . attaches to @ start codon
2 . with matches mRNA codon ( area on tRNA that matches called an ) .
3 . ribosome moves down and matches next .
4 . amino acids form and protein continues to grow , 1 amino acid at a time .
5 . ribosome reaches , mRNA , tRNAs , protein and ribosome released .

The product is called a . Modified in to make a .

9

After the is made , it is often in the ER or Golgi Apparatus

The finished product is a protein and it has a shape that decides its

The whole process of going from to to a that runs a cell process is called

10

Certain things can cause changes to the DNA / RNA code . They are called and cause mutations .
e . g . light , , X rays , exposure to chemicals
Not all are bad ? some allow for

11

Occur to or a small number of bases on or RNA
Most are , as many codons often code for the same .
3 kinds :
: one base is used instead of another
Insertion * : one base is
Deletion * : one base is
* lead to a , where everything is " off " base .

12

Change to a , series of genes or an entire
These are often helpful in , e . g . polyploidy ? chromosomes do not separate during meiosis . Leads to that are bigger
In animals , they are often or even .

Deletion : one or more genes is / are when copied
Duplication : one or more genes is / are copied
Inversion : one or more genes is / are copied
Translocation : one or more genes is / are moved from 1 to another
Nondisjunction : homologs fail to separate during

 
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