Fluid & Acid-Base Mastery

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Test your knowledge of electrolytes, pH, and buffers.

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Cari Monee

United States

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Fluid & Acid-Base Mastery


Froggy Jumps Fluid & Acid-Base MasteryOnline version Test your knowledge of electrolytes, pH, and buffers. by Cari Monee 1 What is the normal blood pH range? a 7.0-7.2 b 7.35-7.45 c 7.45-7.65 2 Which ion is the chief extracellular cation? a Potassium (K+) b Chloride (Cl- ) c Sodium (Na+) 3 Which organ reabsorbs HCO3- and excretes H+ as needed? a Liver b Kidneys c Lungs 4 What is the main buffer pair for acid-base balance? a Hemoglobin-oxygen b Bicarbonate-carbonic acid (HCO3-/H2CO3) c Phosphate-PAO2 5 Metabolic acidosis is caused by what? a High CO2 from tachypnea b Non-respiratory conditions c Lung disease 6 What causes metabolic alkalosis? a Increased CO2 from hypoventilation b Renal failure c Loss of stomach acid or gain of base 7 What leads to respiratory acidosis? a Hyperventilation with CO2 loss b Excess base intake c Hypoventilation with CO2 retention 8 How does increasing CO2 affect pH? a Higher pH (more alkaline) b Lower pH (more acidic) c No change in pH 9 What is the normal range for Sodium (Na+)? a 145-160 b 120-130 c 135-145 10 What is the normal human blood pH range? a 7.35 - 7.45 b 7.0 - 7.2 c 6.8 - 7.2 11 Which system acts as the first line of defense in pH regulation? a Buffers b Lungs c Kidneys 12 Which organ primarily handles respiratory regulation of pH? a Liver b Kidneys c Lungs 13 Which organ primarily handles metabolic (renal) regulation of pH? a Kidneys b Lungs c Liver 14 Acidosis is defined by a pH that is __ ? a 7.40 b above 7.45 c below 7.35 15 Alkalosis is defined by a pH that is __ ? a below 7.35 b 7.30 c above 7.45 16 What is the primary extracellular anion that helps buffer bicarbonate balance? a Chloride (Cl−) b Phosphate (PO4^3−) c Sulfate (SO4^2−) 17 What is the primary intracellular cation? a Calcium (Ca2+) b Potassium (K+) c Sodium (Na+) 18 Which ion participates in nerve and muscle function and is regulated by aldosterone? a Magnesium (Mg2+) b Sodium (Na+) c Potassium (K+) 19 Which buffer system is the classic pair in acid-base balance? a Protein buffer b Phosphate buffer c Bicarbonate-carbonic acid (HCO3−/H2CO3) 20 A state of non-respiratory cause of acidosis is called __ ? a Metabolic Acidosis b Respiratory Acidosis c Metabolic Alkalosis 21 A state of non-respiratory cause of alkalosis is __ ? a Metabolic Acidosis b Respiratory Alkalosis c Metabolic Alkalosis 22 Which component directly changes with CO2 levels in blood pH control? a Sodium (Na+) b Chloride (Cl−) c Carbon dioxide (CO2) 23 Which factor is increased in metabolic acidosis compensation by respiration? a No change in respiration b Hypoventilation c Hyperventilation 24 What happens to pH during respiratory acidosis? a pH increases b No change in pH c pH decreases 25 What happens to pH during respiratory alkalosis? a No change in pH b pH decreases c pH increases 26 Which buffer pair helps maintain blood pH by reversible H+ donation/acceptance? a Bicarbonate and carbonic acid b Sodium and chloride c Calcium and phosphate 27 Normal adult bicarbonate concentration range is roughly __ mEq/L. a 10 - 20 b 30 - 40 c 22 - 26 28 What condition results from kidney failure causing reduced H+ excretion? a Hyperkalemia b Acidosis c Alkalosis 29 Which ion follows sodium in the bloodstream and is involved in volume regulation? a Magnesium (Mg2+) b Potassium (K+) c Chloride (Cl−) 30 Which condition can cause edema due to fluid imbalance? a Hypocalcemia b Hyperkalemia c Water imbalance 31 What occurs when there is too much bicarbonate in the blood? a Alkalosis b Normal pH c Acidosis 32 Which is a major intracellular cation essential for cell function? a Sodium (Na+) b Potassium (K+) c Calcium (Ca2+) 33 Which condition is typically characterized by CO2 retention? a Metabolic acidosis b Respiratory acidosis c Respiratory alkalosis 34 What is the effect of increased H+ on pH? a Higher pH b No change c Lower pH 35 What organ reabsorbs filtered bicarbonate and can generate new bicarbonate? a Kidneys b Lungs c Liver 36 What is the term for excessive body water in the interstitial space? a Hypernatremia b Dehydration c Edema 37 Which ion has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate in the body? a Chloride (Cl−) b Potassium (K+) c Sodium (Na+) 38 Which pressure helps determine plasma oncotic pressure and edema risk? a Glucose level b Albumin level c Hemoglobin level 39 Which condition involves too little H+ excretion by kidneys? a Respiratory alkalosis b Metabolic alkalosis c Metabolic acidosis 40 What is a common sign of water retention clinically? a Fever b Sudden weight gain c Weight loss 41 What does hyperkalemia refer to? a Low calcium b High potassium c High sodium 42 What does hypomagnesemia relate to? a Low magnesium b Low potassium c Low chloride 43 Which system shifts pH by excretion/retention of H+ and HCO3−? a Digestive system b Respiratory system c Renal system (kidneys) 44 Which gas is primarily involved in respiratory pH regulation? a Carbon dioxide (CO2) b Oxygen (O2) c Nitrogen (N2) 45 What is the term for low pH due to metabolic causes? a Metabolic acidosis b Respiratory acidosis c Metabolic alkalosis 46 What is the term for high pH due to respiratory causes? a Metabolic alkalosis b Respiratory acidosis c Respiratory alkalosis 47 Which buffer pair is central to maintaining blood pH? a K+/Mg2+ b Na+/Cl− c HCO3− / H2CO3 48 What happens to H+ with buffers when pH rises? a Buffer releases H+ b Buffer consumes H+ c No change 49 Which ion is the chief extracellular anion? a Chloride (Cl−) b Bicarbonate (HCO3−) c Phosphate (PO4^3−) 50 What is the term for accumulation of CO2 in blood? a Hypercapnia b Anemia c Hypocapnia 51 What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis? a Vomiting with acid loss b Diabetes c Dehydration without electrolyte loss 52 Which component mainly determines pH in blood? a Hydrogen ion concentration b Chloride concentration c Glucose level 53 Which system can compensate by blowing off CO2? a Endocrine system b Digestive system c Respiratory system 54 The main extracellular cation is __? a Sodium (Na+) b Potassium (K+) c Calcium (Ca2+) 55 Which is a sign of metabolic alkalosis? a Elevated HCO3− b Low CO2 c Low HCO3− 56 Which is most associated with hyperchloremia? a Elevated chloride b Elevated bicarbonate c Low chloride 57 What does kaliuresis refer to? a Sodium loss in urine b Potassium gain in urine c Potassium loss in urine 58 Which electrolyte imbalance is common in critically ill patients? a Hypomagnesemia b Hyperkalemia c Hypermagnesemia 59 Which gas level directly affects pH in the blood? a N2 b O2 c CO2 60 What does buffer work require to maintain pH? a Three parts unrelated b Two parts: base and acid c One part only 61 Which organ can generate bicarbonate? a Kidneys b Lungs c Spleen 62 Which condition often accompanies edema? a Water imbalances b Hyperkalemia c Hyperglycemia 63 What is the result of incorrect acid-base balance on cells? a Disrupted function b No effect c Enhanced function

Fluid & Acid-Base Mastery

Froggy Jumps

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Fluid & Acid-Base MasteryOnline version

by Cari Monee

What is the normal blood pH range?

Which ion is the chief extracellular cation?

Which organ reabsorbs HCO3- and excretes H+ as needed?

What is the main buffer pair for acid-base balance?

Metabolic acidosis is caused by what?

What causes metabolic alkalosis?

What leads to respiratory acidosis?

How does increasing CO2 affect pH?

What is the normal range for Sodium (Na+)?

What is the normal human blood pH range?

Which system acts as the first line of defense in pH regulation?

Which organ primarily handles respiratory regulation of pH?

Which organ primarily handles metabolic (renal) regulation of pH?

Acidosis is defined by a pH that is __ ?

Alkalosis is defined by a pH that is __ ?

What is the primary extracellular anion that helps buffer bicarbonate balance?

What is the primary intracellular cation?

Which ion participates in nerve and muscle function and is regulated by aldosterone?

Which buffer system is the classic pair in acid-base balance?

A state of non-respiratory cause of acidosis is called __ ?

A state of non-respiratory cause of alkalosis is __ ?

Which component directly changes with CO2 levels in blood pH control?

Which factor is increased in metabolic acidosis compensation by respiration?

What happens to pH during respiratory acidosis?

What happens to pH during respiratory alkalosis?

Which buffer pair helps maintain blood pH by reversible H+ donation/acceptance?

Normal adult bicarbonate concentration range is roughly __ mEq/L.

What condition results from kidney failure causing reduced H+ excretion?

Which ion follows sodium in the bloodstream and is involved in volume regulation?

Which condition can cause edema due to fluid imbalance?

What occurs when there is too much bicarbonate in the blood?

Which is a major intracellular cation essential for cell function?

Which condition is typically characterized by CO2 retention?

What is the effect of increased H+ on pH?

What organ reabsorbs filtered bicarbonate and can generate new bicarbonate?

What is the term for excessive body water in the interstitial space?

Which ion has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate in the body?

Which pressure helps determine plasma oncotic pressure and edema risk?

Which condition involves too little H+ excretion by kidneys?

What is a common sign of water retention clinically?

What does hyperkalemia refer to?

What does hypomagnesemia relate to?

Which system shifts pH by excretion/retention of H+ and HCO3−?

Which gas is primarily involved in respiratory pH regulation?

What is the term for low pH due to metabolic causes?

What is the term for high pH due to respiratory causes?

Which buffer pair is central to maintaining blood pH?

What happens to H+ with buffers when pH rises?

Which ion is the chief extracellular anion?

What is the term for accumulation of CO2 in blood?

What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Which component mainly determines pH in blood?

Which system can compensate by blowing off CO2?

The main extracellular cation is __?

Which is a sign of metabolic alkalosis?

Which is most associated with hyperchloremia?

What does kaliuresis refer to?

Which electrolyte imbalance is common in critically ill patients?

Which gas level directly affects pH in the blood?

What does buffer work require to maintain pH?

Which organ can generate bicarbonate?