Matching Pairs Week 2 Cardiovascular System Diseases & Drug TherapyOnline version Heart diseases Brief anatomy of cardiovascular system Drug treatments Non pharmaceutical treatments by Audree Dulnuan 1 Vein 2 Garlic 3 Alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) 4 Plant sterol esters 5 Systolic blood pressure 6 Reading blood pressure 7 Action potential 8 Feedback mechanisms 9 Red yeast rice 10 Diastolic blood pressure 11 Depolarization 12 Artery 13 Ventricles 14 Repolarization 15 Atria Carries blood from tissues back to the heart Flow of positively charged sodium & calcium ions into the cell Measures the pressure when the heart contracts & ejects blood Antioxidant for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetic, neuropathy Receive blood brought to the heart from the veins Lowers cholesterol & improve cardiovascular health Lowers LDL cholesterol Electrical signal that causes cardiac muscle to contract Treats atherosclerosis, hypertension, skin fungal infections, & some cancers Pump blood to the lungs or other body tissues through the arteries Capacitance, Cardiac Output (CO), Peripheral vascular resistance, renin angiotensin Carries blood away from the heart to the body Flow of positively charged potassium ions out of the cell Measures the pressure when the heart relaxes & fills Systolic over diastolic pressure 1 Beta-Blockers 2 Hypertension 3 Direct renin inhibitor 4 (ACE) Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme 5 Calcium Channel Blockers 6 Alpha-blockers 7 (ARBS) Angiotensin Receptors Blockers 8 Thiazide diuretics Ends w Pril. Hyperkalemia, hypotension Beneficial in men w benign prostatic hypertrophy Lowers blood pressure by eliminating sodium & water from the body Ends w Pine, injections: diltiazem, verapamil. Bradycardia, nausea, constipation. Fluid retention Aliskiren (Tekturna). Diarrhea, skin rash, don’t use pregnant. Elevation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or both (called the silent killer) Ends w Tan. Headache, dizzy, don’t use pregnant Ends w Olol. acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol used in asthma & COPD 1 Flutter 2 Tachycardia 3 Sinus rhythm 4 Digoxin 5 Sodium Channel Blockers (Class I Antiarrhyttmics 6 Beta-blockers & Calcium Channels Blockers 7 Potassium channel blockers (Class III Antiarrhythmics) 8 Atropine 9 Arrythmia 10 Bradycardia 11 Fibrillation Decreased heart rate Select portions of the heart beat slightly out of sequence Deviation from normal sinus rhythm Large portions of heart beat out of sequence Used in atrial flutter or fibrillation. Antidote is DigiFab Ends w one. Amiodarone: fatal toxicities to lungs, liver & heart. Dronedarone: not used w symptomatic heart failure Low dose may worsen bradycardia, high dose may increase heart rate too much Ends w ide. Reserved for life threatening arrhythmias. Increased heart rate Also used w hypertension & arrhythmias Normal heart rhythm 1 Ranolazine (ranexa) 2 Nitrates 3 Anticoagulants, ACE, Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel blockers 4 Acute MI 5 Myocardial infarction 6 Angina pectoris 7 Chronic therapy For chronic angina in combination w other drugs. Edema, palpitations, bradycardia Anticoagulants, beta blockers, ACE, antihyperlipidemics, nitrates Also used for hypertension, arrhythmias, & Angina except anticoagulants When cardiac muscle is deprived of oxygen long enough that cells die or infarct ISDN, ISMN, nitroglycerin. Short acting: not swallowed, angina, MI. Long acting: angina attacks Medical emergency: oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin Chest pain caused my myocardial ischemia 1 Digoxin 2 Heart failure 3 ACE, Angiotensin Receptor, Beta Blockers 4 Hydralazine w nitrate 5 (ARNIS) Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors 6 Loop diuretics 7 Aldosterone Antagonist Also used in arrhythmias & heart failure The heart is no longer able to pump enough oxygen rich blood to meet the body’s need Increase urine production by inhibiting the hormone aldosterone Produce fast & profound diuresis by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium, chloride, & water in the kidneys Sacubitril & Valsartan (Entresto). Not used pregnant, dizzy, falling Also used in hypertension, arrhythmia, angina, & heart failure Also used in agina & MI 1 Bile acid Sequestrants 2 High density lipoprotein (HDL) 3 Fibril Acid Derivatives 4 Low density lipoprotein (LDL) 5 Omega 3 fatty acids (epanova, lovaza, vascepa 6 Atherosclerosis 7 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) 8 Cholesterol 9 Ezetimibe (zetia) fenofibrate, fenofibric, gemfibrozil. GI upset, muscle cramps. Not used w gallbladder problem Good cholesterol Cholestyramine, colesevelam. Flu like symptoms, constipation For hypertriglyceridemia. Bad breath, GI upset, caution w fish/ shellfish allergy Odourless, white, wax like, present in all animal food but not plant Lowers cholesterol inhibits absorption in small intestines. Respiratory infections, pain in joints, caution w liver/kidney disease Ends w statin. GI upset, muscle pain/ weakness. Increases blood glucose, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis Narrowing of arteries due to deposits of cholesterol & fat on their inner surfaces Bad cholesterol 1 Thrombus 2 Hemorrhagic stroke 3 Transient ischemic attack (TIA) 4 DVT symptoms 5 Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke 6 Anticoagulants & anti platelets 7 Thrombolytics 8 Ischemic stroke 9 Embolus 10 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) 11 Pulmonary embolism (PE) Interrupts oxygen supply to a localized area of the brain Dissolved formed clots Blood clot that stays where it originated Formation of blood clot in one or more deep veins Reduces risk of blood clots: warfarin, heparin, aspirin, plavix Swelling, discolouration, pain A piece of cloth that breaks off & travels to the lung or blocks arteries Blood vessel that supplies an area of the brain ruptured, bleeding in or around the brain Brief interruption in blood flow to an area of the brain Blood clot obstructs a blood vessel supplying the brain, ischemia or infarction Blood clot that circulates in the blood 1 Direct Thrombin Inhibitors 2 Vitamin K Antagonist 3 Antiplatelet agents 4 Glycoprotein Antagonist 5 Factor Xa Inhibitors 6 Heparin & LMWH’s 7 Mephyton Vitamin K or phytonadione 8 Dabigatran (pradaxa) 9 Thrombolytic Agents Bivalirudin (angiomax) headache, nausea, bleeding & back pain Warfarin (coumadin) lessions, purple/blue toe syndrome, avoid alc & vitamin K Hemorrhage, risk of thrombotic events, antidote: idarucizumab High alert injections Epitifibatide: bleeding & thrombocytepenia. tirofiban: bleeding & hypersensitivity Apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban. Antidote: andexanet Injections alteplase, tenecteplase, vomiting, allergy, arrhythmias, fever Clopidogrel (plavix) discontinue prior surgery risk of bleeding, ticagrelor, prasugrel Deltaparin, enoxaparin. Bruising, bleeding, antidote: protamine sulfate Warfarin reversal
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