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Breathing: Ventilation & Gas Exchange

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Breathing: Ventilation & Gas Exchange

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About this activity

Respiratory System, Mechanisms of Breathing, Gas Exchange and Alveoli and finally, smoking and its effects on the CV system and lungs.

Created by

Luca
Luca
Spain

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Breathing: Ventilation & Gas ExchangeOnline version

Respiratory System, Mechanisms of Breathing, Gas Exchange and Alveoli and finally, smoking and its effects on the CV system and lungs.

by Luca
1

bronchi bronchioles muscles pleural diaphragm alveoli trachea thorax intercostal protect

The contains the ribs , which the lungs and heart . Between the ribs are the , which move the ribs to aid breathing . Below the lungs lies the , a dome - shaped muscle that contracts and flattens to change lung volume . Air travels down the and splits into the , which divide further into smaller . At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air sacs called , where gas exchange occurs . Surrounding the lungs are membranes , which reduce friction and allow smooth lung movement during breathing .

2

muscles internal internal decreases rises out intercostal Ventilation lung external domes relaxes inhalation pressure increases pushed ribs contract

involves inhalation and exhalation . During , the diaphragm contracts and flattens , and the external intercostal muscles to pull the up and out , while the relax . This thoracic volume , reducing below atmospheric pressure and drawing air into the lungs . During exhalation , the diaphragm and upwards , the intercostal muscles relax , and the intercostal muscles contract to pull the ribs down and in . Thoracic volume , lung pressure above atmospheric pressure , and air is of the lungs .

3

area surface one alveoli very easily blue dioxide moist veins arteries adapted capillaries red carbon

Gas exchange happens in the , where oxygen diffuses into the blood and diffuses out . Alveoli are highly for this process . They have a high to volume ratio , walls that are cell thick , and a dense network of . The alveolar surface is , helping gases to dissolve and diffuse more . Blood vessels are colour - coded in diagrams : carry deoxygenated blood ( ) and carry oxygenated blood ( ) , with pulmonary vein and pulmonary artery as exceptions .

4

difficult Tar mucus Carbon pressure carboxyhaemoglobin lung raising cholesterol haemoglobin oxygen coronary carcinogen bronchitis emphysema elasticity monoxide narrows

Cigarettes contain harmful substances like tar , carbon monoxide , and nicotine . is sticky and a , increasing the risk of cancer . binds to , forming and reducing delivery . Nicotine blood vessels , blood and , increasing the risk of heart disease . Smoking also causes , where tar damages cilia and builds up , and , where alveoli lose , reducing the surface area for gas exchange and making breathing .

 
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