Matching Pairs Meds Match: Drug Classes and UsesOnline version Pair common medications with their primary use or class. by clari adame 1 Antidote 2 Action 3 Maximum dosage 4 Nursing considerations 5 Administration routes 6 Acetaminophen 7 Pediatric dosage 8 Common use PO, PR, IV 10–15 mg/kg per dose; max 5 doses/24h Assess alcohol and OTC use N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Max 4000 mg/24 hours Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Antipyretic and non-opioid analgesic Commonly prescribed for mild pain and fever 1 Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) 2 Additional information 3 Pharmacologic class 4 Nursing implications 5 Common side effects 6 Administration 7 Action 8 Client teaching Low-dose for TIA/MI; avoid under 18 w/o order PO, PR (oral, rectal) Take with water; upright 15-30 min Salicylates Inhibits prostaglandin production; reduces platelets Hearing loss, tinnitus, GI bleeding Assess pain/fever; assess for bleeding Therapeutic: antipyretic and non-opioid analgesic 1 Indications 2 Patient teaching 3 Albuterol 4 Nursing implications 5 Common side effects 6 Administration routes 7 Onset and duration (inhalation) 8 Beta2-adrenergic agonist Onset 5-15 min; peak 60-90 min; 3-6 h Assess lung sounds and pulse; watch for paradoxical bronchospasm Relief for reversible airway obstruction; exercise-induced bronchospasm Bronchodilator (therapeutic) PO and inhalation Use spacer in children; 1 min between puffs; regular intervals Nervousness, tremors, insomnia, headache Adrenergic with airway relaxation 1 Side Effects 2 Pharmacologic 3 Vitamin D 4 Therapeutic 5 Nursing Implications 6 Maximum oral dose of calcium at one time is 500 mg 7 Calcium carbonate 8 Administration Mineral and electrolyte replacement PO or IV routes Max 500 mg per dose Calcium supplement for bone and heart function Monitor BP, P and EKG during IV use Needed for calcium absorption Arrhythmias and constipation None 1 Action 2 Celecoxib 3 Additional Information 4 Side Effects 5 Nursing Implications 6 Client Teaching 7 Therapeutic class Commonly prescribed for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis Antirheumatic; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (PO) COX-2 inhibitor Assess site of pain, may be hard on the liver Monitor for increased AST/ALT blood levels Watch for GI symptoms GI bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, nausea Inhibits enzyme COX-2 which is required for prostaglandin synthesis 1 Side Effects 2 Action 3 Nursing Implications 4 Codeine 5 Client Teaching 6 Nursing Implications 7 Additional Information 8 Nursing Implications 9 Nursing Implications 10 Action Use with extreme caution in patients receiving MAO inhibitors (reduce initial dosage to 25% of usual dose). Assess level of sedation Assess bowel function every four hours Instruct client on how and when to ask for pain medication Have client ask for help with assistance when ambulating due to drowsiness and dizziness. Assess BP, P, R. If respirations <10/min Assess type, location and intensity of pain before and 30-60 min after administration. Watch for overdose. Commonly used for the management of mild to moderate pain. Antitussive in smaller doses. Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS which alters the perception and response to pain while producing generalized CNS depression t: allergy, cold, cough remedies, antitussives, opioid analgesics p: opioid agonists PO, IM, IV, SUBQ confusion, sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, constipation, nausea, vomiting decreases cough reflex, decreases GI motility 1 Client Teaching 2 Client Teaching 3 Action 4 Docusate 5 Additional Information 6 Side Effects 7 Client Teaching 8 Nursing Implications Advise client that laxatives should be used only for short-term therapy. Long-term therapy may cause electrolyte imbalance and dependence. Encourage patients to use other forms of bowel regulation, such as increasing fiber, fluids, and mobility. T: laxatives P: stool softeners PO, PR Assess for abdominal distention, presence of bowel sounds and usual pattern of bowel function. Assess color, consistency, and amount of stool produced Instruct clients with cardiac disease to avoid straining during bowel movements (Valsalva maneuver) Commonly used for constipation. Oral therapy may take 3-5 days to produce results. Rectal therapy may produce results within 2 – 15 minutes. Mild cramps, diarrhea Draws water into stool resulting in softer fecal mass 1 Side Effects 2 Side Effects 3 Additional Information 4 Nursing Implications 5 Additional Information 6 Nursing Implications 7 Client Teaching 8 Additional Information 9 Action 10 Client Teaching 11 Antidote: 12 Fentanyl Facial itching is common with epidural use and may be treated with diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Initiate safety measures. Assess pain and pain relief with appropriate pain scale. Assess blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate/status. Prolonged use may lead to physical and/or psychological dependence. Assess level of sedation. Assess bowel function and prevent constipation. Perform good oral hygiene and intervention to decrease dry mouth. Avoid alcohol and CNS depressants while taking medication. Instruct patient in correct method for application and disposal of transdermal system. Symptoms of toxicity include respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia. naloxone Safety Measures. Avoid activities requiring alertness. Change position slowly, use care with ambulation. T: opioid analgesic P: opioid agonist Avoid use in patients who have received MAO inhibitors within previous 14 days (may produce unpredictable, potentially fatal reactions). Confusion, sedation, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, respiratory depression, n & v constipation, facial itching, dry mouth, headache, sweating. Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, altering the response to and perception of pain. 1 Side Effects 2 Nursing Implications 3 Ferrous Sulfate 4 Action 5 Additional Information 6 Client Teaching T: antianemics P: iron supplement PO, IM, IV Commonly prescribed for iron deficiency anemia Nausea, constipation, dark stools, diarrhea, epigastric pain Has darker stools. Instruct client to follow a diet high in iron and increase fluids. Vitamin C aids with absorption. Liquid forms may stain teeth. Enters the blood stream and goes to organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow where it becomes part of iron stores Assess nutrition Assess bowel function Monitor hemoglobin/hematocrit 1 Client Teaching 2 Action 3 Nursing Implications 4 Side Effects 5 Action 6 Folic Acid 7 Additional Information 8 Nursing Implications May decrease serum concentrations of other B complex vitamins when given in high/continuous doses. T: antianemic, vitamin P: water soluble vitamin IV, IM, PO, SubQ All women of childbearing age are encouraged to take folic acid. Folic acid early in pregnancy is necessary to prevent neural tube defects. Rash, irritability, difficulty sleeping, malaise, confusion, fever. Assess for symptoms of anemia. Monitor plasma folic acid levels, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocyte count before and periodically during therapy Required for protein synthesis and red blood cell function. Stimulates the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Encourage foods high in folic acid: vegetables, fruits, and organ meats. Heat destroys folic acid in food. May cause intensely yellow urine. Necessary for normal fetal development. Restoration and maintenance of normal hematopoiesis.
Match the key terms descriptions to the Balance Sheet and Income Statement classifications