Matching Pairs electrolyte imbalancesOnline version electrolyte imbalances matching game by Kristieanna 1 Calcium 2 Magnesium 3 Potassium 4 Chloride 5 Phosphate 6 Sodium 3-4.5 mEq/l 136-145 mEq/l 3.5-5 mEq/l 1.3-2.1 mEq/l 9-10.5 mg/dL 98-106 mEq/l 1 chloride 2 phosphate 3 sodium 4 Magnesium 5 potassium 6 Calcium fluid balance, acid base balance, digestion bones/teeth, blood coagulation, pH balance, muscle contraction, smooth muscle relaxation, nerve transmission bones/teeth, RNA/DNA, ATP, acid base balance, regulated by parathyroid and kidneys fluid balance, bp, muscle contraction, nerve conduction, acid base balance bone, enzyme function, nerve/muscle, smooth muscle relaxation, pH balance smooth and cardiac muscle contractions, acid base balance, nerve conduction 1 potassium 2 magnesium 3 chloride 4 calcium 5 phosphate 6 sodium bananas, oranges, potatoes, green veggies, avocados, meat dairy, fortified grains, canned fish, green leafy veggies sources of sodium, medications table salt, processed foods, butter, cheese green leafy veggies, nuts, whole grains, chocolate, tuna dairy, seeds/nuts, grains, red meat/fish, carbonated drinks, medications 1 hypercalcemia 2 hyperkalemia 3 hypermagnesemia 4 hyperchloremia 5 hyperphosphatemia 6 hypernatremia MURDER: muscle cramps, urine abnormalities, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac contraction, EKG changes, reflexes decreased mild: none severe: tetany, chvostek's sign, trousseau's sign, tingling around mouth, seizures, bone pain arrythmia, lower reflexes, EKG changes, decreased RR and HR FRIED: fatigue, restlessness, increased reflexes, excessive thirst, dry mouth, seizures dehydration, kidney failure, edema, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea muscle weakness, kidney stones, arrhythmias, bradycardia, nausea, hyporeflexia, bone fracture, confusion 1 hypochloremia 2 hypophosphatemia 3 hypokalemia 4 hypocalcemia 5 hyponatremia 6 hypomagnesemia tetany, perioral tingling, paresthesia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, chvostek's sign, trousseau's sign, laryngospasm, stridor stones: kidney and gallstones thrones:polyuria bones: pain groans: constipation and muscle weakness psychiatric overtones: depression and confusion SALT LOSS: stupor, anorexia, lethargy, tendon reflexes decreased, limp muscles, orthostatic hypotension, seizures, stomach cramps, headache muscle weakness, reduced reflexes, fatigue, nausea, abdominal distention, bradycardia, arrhythmia, flaccid paralysis, difficulty breathing uncontrolled nerve stimulation, tetany, trousseau's sign, chovstek's sign, arrhythmia, convulsions, seizures lethargy, altered mental status, irritability, neuromuscular irritability, slow and shallow respirations, apnea 1 hypokalemia 2 hypochloremia 3 hypophosphatemia 4 hypocalcemia 5 hyponatremia 6 hypomagnesemia high risk: pregnancy and alcoholism hyperreflexia seizures telemetry replace- oral or IV swollen brain confusion/ seizures supplements restrict water if hypovolemia IVF high risk- thyroid/parathyroid surgery alkalosis chvostek/trousseau signs oral/extremity tingling or numbness STRIDOR telemetry replace- oral or iv flat t waves u waves present weak muscles, weak heart replace - NEVER PUSH IV, slow infusions most commonly caused by parathyroid alteration, malnutrition, or aluminum antacids watch for bone pain and polyuria replace SLOWLY follows sodium cause: alkalosis watch for apnea supplement/ replace 1 hyperphosphatemia 2 hypercalcemia 3 hypernatremia 4 hyperchloremia 5 hypermagnesemia 6 hyperkalemia dry brain dehydration restrict intake oral fluids and IVF high risk: kidney failure, IV infusion Absent deep tendon reflexes telemetry stop intake: IV calcium gluconate tall t = trouble remove: stop intake, SLS ( kayexalate), insulin, calcium gluconate protects heart follows sodium cause: acidosis remove: salt restriction, lactated ringers, administer sodium bicarbonate mostly caused by kidney failure manifestations mirror hypocalcemia remove: calcium carbonate (TUMS), forces diuresis acidosis everything sluggish telemetry stop intake : hydration, get moving, calcitonin-salmon injection or oral biphosphates 1 me studying electrolyte imbalances
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