Computer maintenance and troubleshooting prevent permanent damage from simple glitches or severe problems. The process follows four main rules: knowing the facts, using common sense, focusing on Field Replaceable Units (FRUs), and practicing proper assembly and disassembly. When a computer experiences difficulties like freezing or the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD), technicians should gather information through user interviews and internet research to identify possible causes. Once a hypothesis or plan of action is formed, the goal is to address one of the six main factors causing failure: people ware, firmware, software, hardware, static (ESD), or electricity issues.