Epilepsy

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Pharmocology

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Jackie Patton

United States

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Epilepsy


Froggy Jumps EpilepsyOnline version Pharmocology by Jackie Patton 1 Epilepsy is BEST defined as which of the following? a A chronic neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures b A single episode of abnormal neuronal firing c A transient metabolic disturbance of the CNS 2 A seizure is MOST accurately described as: a Sudden, transient disturbance in cerebral excitation caused by synchronized neuronal firing b Continuous loss of consciousness due to brain injury c Permanent cortical damage from abnormal electrical activity 3 When abnormal neuronal activity spreads to involve the entire cerebral cortex, the seizure is classified as: a Generalized b Simple partial c Complex partial 4 All of the following are probable causes of neuronal damage leading to epilepsy EXCEPT: a Hypoglycemia b Head trauma c Stroke 5 Which condition is MOST likely to precipitate seizure activity? a Systemic metabolic disorder such as hypoxia or infection b Mild dehydration c Chronic hypertension 6 Partial seizures are BEST defined as seizures that: a Involve only part of the brain b Always cause loss of consciousness c Involve the entire brain 7 Partial seizures that spread to involve the whole brain are referred to as: a Secondarily generalized seizures b Absence seizures c Simple partial seizures 8 A simple partial seizure is characterized by: a Preserved consciousness b Loss of consciousness c Immediate progression to convulsions 9 A complex partial seizure differs from a simple partial seizure primarily because: a Consciousness is lost b It always becomes generalized c It involves only the brainstem 10 Seizures are MOST dangerous when the patient: a Loses consciousness and falls b Experiences brief sensory disturbances c Reports mild confusion 11 Antiepileptic drugs primarily reduce seizure activity through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT: a Increasing acetylcholine release b Decreasing excitatory amino acids c Increasing inhibitory effects of GABA 12 Barbiturates are especially effective for which seizure types? a Generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures b Absence seizures c Febrile seizures 13 Barbiturate use is limited primarily because of: a Strong tendency to cause sedation and abuse b Renal toxicity c Visual disturbances 14 Which medication is barbiturate-like and useful for generalized tonic-clonic seizures resistant to other drugs? a Primidone b Diazepam c Ethosuximide 15 The primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is to: a Potentiate inhibitory effects of GABA b Decrease calcium influx in thalamic neurons c Block sodium channels 16 Which benzodiazepine is MOST appropriate for acute treatment of status epilepticus but NOT long-term therapy? a Diazepam b Gabapentin c Clonazepam 17 Valproic acid (Depakote) is MOST commonly used for: a Absence seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures b Partial seizures only c Status epilepticus only 18 Which side effect is MOST associated with valproic acid? a Temporary hair loss and GI distress b Cardiac arrhythmias c Gingival hyperplasia 19 Phenytoin (Dilantin) works primarily by: a Decreases neuronal activity by decreasing sodium entry into rapidly firing neurons and slows rate b Enhancing calcium entry c Blocking GABA receptors 20 Which side effect is MOST characteristic of phenytoin therapy? a Gingival hyperplasia b Skin rash and itching c Depression and anxiety 21 Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is NOT effective for treating: a Absence seizures b Generalized tonic-clonic seizures c Partial seizures 22 Ethosuximide is MOST appropriate for treating: a Absence seizures b Partial seizures in adults c Status epilepticus 23 What is the MOA of carbamazepine / tegretol? a stabilizes neuronal membrane by slowing the recovery of na channels that are firing too rapidly b Exact mechanism unknown c gaba-ergic inhibition 24 What are side effects of carbamazepine / tegretol? a Dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, blurred vision, anemia, water retention, cardiac arrhythmias b CHF c dizziness and drowsiness only 25 What is the MOA for ethosuximide? a Decrease Ca influx in thalamic neurons, increases seizure threshold, limits spread of e activity b stabilizes neuronal membrane by slowing the recovery of na channels that are firing too rapidly c gaba-ergic inhibition 26 Gabapentin (Neurontin) is BEST described as: a An adjunct for partial seizures resistant to other drugs b Used only for acute seizures c A first-line agent for all seizure types 27 Monotherapy is preferred in epilepsy management because it: a Reduces side effects and drug interactions b Eliminates the need for monitoring c Guarantees complete seizure control 28 Which clinical situation MOST strongly suggests status epilepticus? a A series of seizures without recovery between episodes b A single seizure followed by full recovery c Brief absence spells occurring once per day 29 Initial treatment priority for status epilepticus should include: a Airway management and IV benzodiazepine b Immediate surgery c Oral phenytoin 30 Which factor is MOST associated with successful withdrawal of antiepileptic medication? a Seizure-free for at least 2 years b History of severe seizures c Abnormal neurological exam 31 A physical therapist should be MOST cautious of which side effects when treating patients on antiepileptic drugs? a Ataxia and cerebellar signs b Increased appetite c Hypertension and tachycardia 32 Which environment should be AVOIDED when treating a patient with epilepsy? a Busy clinic with loud noise and bright lights b Low-stimulus setting c Quiet private treatment room 33 Antiepileptic drugs are MOST commonly administered: a Orally 3–4 times per day b Subcutaneously once weekly c Intravenously once daily 34 Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is BEST described as which of the following? a An adjunct medication for adults with partial seizures b A short-acting benzodiazepine for acute seizures c A first-line drug for absence seizures 35 The primary mechanism of action of lamotrigine (Lamictal) is to: a Inhibit release of excitatory amino acids by blocking sodium entry into presynaptic neurons b Increase calcium influx in thalamic neurons c Potentiate GABA reuptake 36 Which side effect is MOST associated with lamotrigine (Lamictal)? a Skin rash and vision disturbances b Cardiac arrhythmias c Gingival hyperplasia 37 Topiramate (Topamax) is MOST commonly prescribed as: a An adjunct medication for adults with partial seizures b Acute treatment for status epilepticus c A single-agent treatment for all seizure types 38 Which combination BEST describes the mechanism of action of topiramate (Topamax)? a Blocks sodium channels, blocks excitatory amino acid receptors, and stimulates GABA receptors b Increases acetylcholine release and decreases GABA c Decreases calcium influx only 39 A patient taking topiramate is MOST likely to report which side effect? a Sedation and ataxia b Gingival hyperplasia c Severe hypertension 40 Tiagabine (Gabitril) is MOST appropriately used when: a Partial seizures are poorly controlled by traditional therapy b A patient has absence seizures c Status epilepticus is suspected 41 Tiagabine reduces seizure activity primarily by: a Inhibiting reuptake of GABA in the synaptic cleft b Decreasing calcium influx in thalamic neurons c Blocking sodium channels 42 A patient taking tiagabine should be monitored MOST closely for: a Anxiety and depressive symptoms b Visual field loss c Cardiac arrhythmias 43 Antiepileptic drugs are MOST commonly administered by which route? a Oral b Subcutaneous c Intravenous 44 Most patients prescribed antiepileptic medications will take them: a 3–4 times per day b Only during seizure activity c Once daily 45 Drug biotransformation of most antiepileptic medications occurs primarily in the: a Liver via microsomal oxidases b Kidneys c Lungs 46 Monotherapy is preferred in epilepsy management for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a Complete elimination of seizure activity b Lower cost c Fewer drug interactions 47 Children born to women with seizure disorders are at increased risk for all of the following EXCEPT: a Decreased risk of infant seizures b Congenital malformations c Microencephaly 48 Status epilepticus is BEST defined as: a A series of seizures without recovery between episodes b Recurrent absence seizures c A single seizure lasting longer than 2 minutes 49 Which situation is MOST likely to precipitate status epilepticus? a Sudden withdrawal from antiepileptic drugs b Gradual tapering of medication c Mild dehydration 50 If status epilepticus is left untreated, the MOST likely outcome is: a Permanent brain damage or death b Resolution without complications c Temporary confusion only 51 Initial management of status epilepticus should include: a Airway management and IV benzodiazepine b Immediate physical therapy intervention c Oral carbamazepine 52 Which factor is MOST associated with successful withdrawal from antiepileptic medication? a Seizure-free for at least 2 years b Abnormal neurologic examination c Adult onset of seizures 53 A physical therapist treating a patient on antiepileptic medication should be MOST alert for: a Cerebellar signs and ataxia b Increased appetite c Hypertension and tachycardia 54 Which treatment environment should be AVOIDED for a patient with epilepsy? a Busy clinic with loud noises and bright lights b Controlled, low-stimulation setting c Quiet room with low lighting

Epilepsy

Froggy Jumps

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EpilepsyOnline version

by Jackie Patton

Epilepsy is BEST defined as which of the following?

A seizure is MOST accurately described as:

When abnormal neuronal activity spreads to involve the entire cerebral cortex, the seizure is classified as:

All of the following are probable causes of neuronal damage leading to epilepsy EXCEPT:

Which condition is MOST likely to precipitate seizure activity?

Partial seizures are BEST defined as seizures that:

Partial seizures that spread to involve the whole brain are referred to as:

A simple partial seizure is characterized by:

A complex partial seizure differs from a simple partial seizure primarily because:

Seizures are MOST dangerous when the patient:

Antiepileptic drugs primarily reduce seizure activity through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:

Barbiturates are especially effective for which seizure types?

Barbiturate use is limited primarily because of:

Which medication is barbiturate-like and useful for generalized tonic-clonic seizures resistant to other drugs?

The primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is to:

Which benzodiazepine is MOST appropriate for acute treatment of status epilepticus but NOT long-term therapy?

Valproic acid (Depakote) is MOST commonly used for:

Which side effect is MOST associated with valproic acid?

Phenytoin (Dilantin) works primarily by:

Which side effect is MOST characteristic of phenytoin therapy?

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is NOT effective for treating:

Ethosuximide is MOST appropriate for treating:

What is the MOA of carbamazepine / tegretol?

What are side effects of carbamazepine / tegretol?

What is the MOA for ethosuximide?

Gabapentin (Neurontin) is BEST described as:

Monotherapy is preferred in epilepsy management because it:

Which clinical situation MOST strongly suggests status epilepticus?

Initial treatment priority for status epilepticus should include:

Which factor is MOST associated with successful withdrawal of antiepileptic medication?

A physical therapist should be MOST cautious of which side effects when treating patients on antiepileptic drugs?

Which environment should be AVOIDED when treating a patient with epilepsy?

Antiepileptic drugs are MOST commonly administered:

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is BEST described as which of the following?

The primary mechanism of action of lamotrigine (Lamictal) is to:

Which side effect is MOST associated with lamotrigine (Lamictal)?

Topiramate (Topamax) is MOST commonly prescribed as:

Which combination BEST describes the mechanism of action of topiramate (Topamax)?

A patient taking topiramate is MOST likely to report which side effect?

Tiagabine (Gabitril) is MOST appropriately used when:

Tiagabine reduces seizure activity primarily by:

A patient taking tiagabine should be monitored MOST closely for:

Antiepileptic drugs are MOST commonly administered by which route?

Most patients prescribed antiepileptic medications will take them:

Drug biotransformation of most antiepileptic medications occurs primarily in the:

Monotherapy is preferred in epilepsy management for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Children born to women with seizure disorders are at increased risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

Status epilepticus is BEST defined as:

Which situation is MOST likely to precipitate status epilepticus?

If status epilepticus is left untreated, the MOST likely outcome is:

Initial management of status epilepticus should include:

Which factor is MOST associated with successful withdrawal from antiepileptic medication?

A physical therapist treating a patient on antiepileptic medication should be MOST alert for:

Which treatment environment should be AVOIDED for a patient with epilepsy?