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Classic Social Psychology Experiments - Fill in the BlanksOnline version
Classic social psychology experiments in fill-in.
The
____
,
led
by
Philip
Zimbardo
,
studied
how
social
roles
and
can
shape
behavior
,
and
was
stopped
early
due
to
ethical
concerns
.
Leon
is
best
known
for
____
,
which
explains
how
people
feel
discomfort
when
their
actions
and
beliefs
conflict
.
Solomon
Asch's
____
demonstrated
by
showing
that
individuals
often
agree
with
an
obviously
wrong
group
answer
.
The
Milgram
____
examined
to
,
revealing
that
many
participants
were
willing
to
administer
what
they
believed
were
when
instructed
by
an
authority
figure
.
Attributions
are
the
explanations
we
create
to
understand
why
people
behave
the
way
they
do
.
attributions
assign
the
cause
of
behavior
to
internal
traits
such
as
personality
,
motives
,
or
character
.
attributions
instead
explain
behavior
by
pointing
to
external
circumstances
like
social
pressure
or
environmental
factors
.
The
occurs
when
we
overemphasize
dispositional
factors
and
underestimate
situational
influences
when
judging
other
people
?
s
actions
.
/
describes
how
we
explain
our
own
behavior
using
situational
causes
while
explaining
others
?
behavior
using
dispositional
causes
.
Self
-
is
the
tendency
to
credit
our
successes
to
while
blaming
failures
on
.
refers
to
a
person
?
s
habitual
way
of
interpreting
events
,
often
categorized
as
optimistic
(
temporary
and
specific
causes
)
or
pessimistic
(
stable
and
global
causes
)
.
The
-
is
the
belief
that
people
generally
,
which
can
lead
to
blaming
for
their
misfortunes
.
is
a
where
an
overall
positive
impression
of
a
person
influences
judgments
about
their
specific
traits
.
Together
,
these
concepts
show
how
our
thinking
patterns
can
distort
how
we
and
evaluate
others
.
is
the
process
of
evaluating
ourselves
by
comparing
our
abilities
,
,
or
qualities
to
those
of
others
.
social
comparison
occurs
when
we
compare
ourselves
to
people
we
perceive
as
than
us
,
which
can
inspire
but
may
also
lower
self
-
esteem
.
social
comparison
happens
when
we
compare
ourselves
to
those
,
often
boosting
self
-
confidence
or
gratitude
.
These
comparisons
help
individuals
form
self
-
concepts
and
assess
personal
progress
.
However
,
excessive
comparison
can
affect
well
-
being
and
satisfaction
.
attitudes
are
automatic
,
unconscious
beliefs
or
feelings
that
influence
perceptions
and
behavior
without
deliberate
awareness
.
A
is
an
belief
about
a
group
of
people
,
often
ignoring
individual
differences
.
refers
to
unjustified
negative
or
toward
a
group
and
its
members
.
involves
unjustified
or
directed
at
individuals
based
on
group
membership
.
These
concepts
are
linked
because
attitudes
can
contribute
to
,
which
may
foster
and
lead
to
behavior
.
-
is
the
tendency
to
favor
members
of
one
?
s
own
group
over
those
in
other
groups
.
-
is
the
perception
that
members
of
other
groups
are
more
similar
to
each
other
than
they
really
are
.
involves
believing
that
one
?
s
own
culture
or
group
is
superior
to
others
.
In
contrast
,
emphasizes
respect
for
and
appreciation
of
cultural
diversity
.
These
ideas
highlight
how
group
membership
shapes
perception
,
either
reinforcing
division
or
encouraging
inclusivity
.
is
the
psychological
discomfort
experienced
when
a
person
holds
conflicting
beliefs
or
when
behavior
contradicts
attitudes
.
is
the
process
of
influencing
or
changing
attitudes
,
beliefs
,
or
behaviors
.
The
elaboration
likelihood
model
explains
persuasion
through
two
pathways
:
the
central
route
and
the
peripheral
route
.
The
route
relies
on
logical
arguments
and
careful
thinking
,
leading
to
longer
-
lasting
attitude
change
.
The
route
uses
superficial
cues
like
attractiveness
or
emotions
,
often
producing
temporary
changes
.
-
-
-
technique
involves
securing
agreement
to
a
small
request
to
increase
the
likelihood
of
compliance
with
a
larger
request
later
.
-
-
-
technique
works
by
first
making
a
large
request
that
is
likely
to
be
rejected
,
followed
by
a
smaller
,
more
reasonable
request
.
Both
strategies
exploit
social
norms
and
psychological
tendencies
to
compliance
.
The
,
which
suggests
people
feel
to
return
favors
or
concessions
,
helps
explain
why
these
techniques
.
These
principles
demonstrate
how
social
influence
can
shape
decision
-
making
.
are
the
rules
that
guide
acceptable
behavior
within
a
group
or
society
.
is
adjusting
one
?
s
behavior
or
beliefs
to
align
with
expectations
.
Normative
social
influence
occurs
when
people
conform
to
gain
approval
or
avoid
rejection
.
happens
when
individuals
conform
because
they
believe
others
possess
accurate
knowledge
.
differs
slightly
,
referring
to
following
direct
orders
from
an
authority
figure
rather
than
group
pressure
.
is
the
tendency
to
perform
better
on
simple
or
well
-
practiced
tasks
when
others
are
present
.
Social
loafing
is
the
reduction
of
individual
effort
when
working
within
a
group
.
involves
a
loss
of
self
-
awareness
and
accountability
in
group
settings
,
often
leading
to
impulsive
behavior
.
occurs
when
individuals
feel
personally
responsible
for
actions
because
others
are
present
.
The
is
a
direct
consequence
,
describing
how
people
are
less
likely
to
help
in
emergencies
when
others
are
around
.
refers
to
the
strengthening
of
a
group
?
s
initial
attitudes
following
discussion
.
occurs
when
the
desire
for
harmony
and
consensus
overrides
realistic
evaluation
of
alternatives
.
are
shared
objectives
that
require
cooperation
between
groups
to
achieve
.
are
situations
where
-
term
benefits
encourage
behaviors
that
lead
to
-
term
negative
outcomes
.
These
concepts
illustrate
how
group
dynamics
can
either
intensify
bias
and
poor
decisions
or
promote
collaboration
.
emphasizes
group
goals
,
cooperation
,
and
interdependence
.
prioritizes
personal
goals
,
independence
,
and
self
-
reliance
.
Altruism
is
helping
others
without
expecting
personal
gain
or
reward
.
The
suggests
that
people
should
help
those
who
are
in
need
or
dependent
on
others
.
values
often
influence
how
strongly
individuals
endorse
altruistic
behavior
and
social
obligations
.
load
refers
to
the
amount
of
mental
effort
being
used
at
a
given
moment
.
cognitive
load
can
impair
decision
-
making
,
increase
reliance
on
shortcuts
,
and
strengthen
biases
.
A
-
occurs
when
expectations
about
a
person
or
situation
influence
behavior
in
a
way
that
causes
those
expectations
to
come
true
.
For
example
,
expecting
success
or
failure
can
subtly
shape
actions
that
produce
the
predicted
outcome
.
Both
concepts
show
how
mental
processes
influence
perception
and
behavior
,
often
without
conscious
awareness
.
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