Juvenile Justice CH 4-6

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Juvenile Justice CH 4-6


Froggy Jumps Juvenile Justice CH 4-6Online version study time!! by kiara siders 1 Which 1984 case allowed for the 'preventative detention' of juveniles if they are considered a danger to public safety? a Schall v. Martin b Roper v. Simmons c In re Winship 2 What percentage of female youth make up gang membership? a 26% b 7% c 15% 3 What is the standard required for school officials to search a student, according to 'New Jersey v. T.L.O.'? a Beyond a reasonable doubt b Preponderance of evidence c Reasonable suspicion 4 Which gang type is primarily associated with protecting specific neighborhoods or areas? a Corporate gangs b Territorial gangs c Skinheads 5 What does 'Disproportionate Minority Contact' (DMC) refer to in the juvenile system? a Minority youth being arrested at higher rates than their share of the population b Equal representation across all races c A program to increase minority hiring in police departments 6 What is 'divestiture' in the juvenile court context? a Increasing the court's power b Transferring jurisdiction over certain offenders to other agencies c The process of sentencing a juvenile to life in prison 7 Which Pennsylvania approach involves the victim and offender working together to repair harm? a Boston Gun Project b Operation SHIELD c Family Group Conferences (FGC) 8 What was the purpose of the 2009 case 'Safford Unified School District v. Redding'? a To mandate SRO's in every school b To all strip searches in all classes c To rule that school searches must be reasonable in scope and purpose 9 Which policing model views officers as 'enforcers, advisors, and facilitators'? a Street Level Bureaucracy b Community Policing c Parens Patriae 10 What does 'exculpatory' evidence mean during the intake process? a Evidence that is inadmissible in court b Evidence that incriminates the juvenile c Evidence that exonerates or clears the juvenile 11 In the 1980s and 1990s, the juvenile justice system shifted its primary emphasis. What became the top priority during this 'get-tough' era? a Public safety and accountability b Treatment and rehabilitation c Individualized treatment 12 A juvenile is categorized as a CHINS (Child in Need of Supervision). What is the most likely outcome for this youth according to the notes? a Formal adjudication and sentencing b Referral to social services or crisis center c Transfer to adult criminal court 13 Which factor is considered a 'legal factor' that influences the intake process? a Inculpatory evidence b Socioeconomic status (SES) c Gender and ethnicity 14 The 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) established that which of the following should be the priority for juvenile offenders? a Sight and sound separation from adults b The return to the Hands-Off Doctrine c Eliminating the need for reasonable cause 15 What was a unique feature of 'Operation SHIELD' in California compared to traditional policing? a It assesses at-risk youth and recommends services b It focuses solely on territorial gangs c It eliminated the role of intake officers 16 How does the early involvement of a defense attorney affect a juvenile's case? a It may lead to more formal processing of the case b It removes the need for an intake screening c It always results in the case being dismissed 17 Which gang category is specifically noted for being 'anti-authority' and 'violent'? a Taggers b Scavenger gangs c Skinheads 18 Which policing program emphasized 'teamwork' between law enforcement, mental health workers, and community organizations to reduce gun violence? a The Boston Gun Project b Community Policing c The TRIAD model 19 If a group of juveniles forms a group primarily to provide each other with social protection in a dangerous environment, which gang category do they best fit? a Scavenger gangs b Corporate gangs c Taggers 20 A juvenile group is observed being extremely defensive over a specific three-block radius in their neighborhood. Which gang type are they demonstrating? a Territorial gangs b Scavenger gangs c Corporate gangs 21 Which of the following descriptions best identifies a 'Corporate' gang? a Highly organized and frequently violent b Loosely organized groups seeking social bonds c Focused on protecting their neighborhood 22 If police find extensive graffiti and property damage throughout a district but little evidence of organized violence, which group are they likely dealing with? a Taggers b Skinheads c Scavenger gangs 23 A juvenile is arrested for a violent act and expresses a strong, philosophical 'anti-authority' stance. Which category does this juvenile most likely fit? a Skinheads b Scavenger gangs c Taggers 24 Which gang type is the least likely to be concerned with a profit-driven organizational structure? a Territorial gangs b Scavenger gangs c Corporate gangs 25 Which Supreme Court case is responsible for officially ending the 'Hands-Off Doctrine' and granting juveniles basic due process rights? a In re Gault b New Jersey v. T.L.O c Schall v. Martin 26 Before the ruling in 'In re Winship' (1970), what was the lower standard of proof used in juvenile courts to determine guilt? a Preponderance of evidence b Beyond a reasonable doubt c Reasonable suspicion 27 A prosecutor wants to try a 16-year-old in adult court for a robbery after the youth has already been found 'delinquent' for the same act in juvenile court. Which case makes this unconstitutional? a Breed v. Jones b In re Winship c Schall v. Martin 28 In the case of 'Schall v. Martin' (1984), the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles could be held in 'preventative detention' if they met which criteria? a They were deemed a danger to public safety b They were found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt c The had already been tried in adult court 29 According to 'New Jersey v. T.L.O.', why are school officials held to a lower standard for searches than police officers? a School officials do not need any evidence to search students b The need to maintain a safe learning enviornment outweighs a student's full privacy rights c The JJDPA mandates that all students be searche daily 30 Which case clarified that a student search must be 'reasonable in scope'—meaning it cannot be excessively intrusive based on the age of the student and the nature of the infraction? a Breed v. Jones b New Jersey v. T.L.O c Safford Unified School District v. Redding 31 The 2005 case 'Roper v. Simmons' relied on changing 'evolving standards of decency' to rule that which of the following was unconstitutional? a Life without parole for juveniles b The execution of individuals who were under 18 at the time of their crime c The use of preventative detention 32 How did public opinion influence the legal atmosphere leading up to the 'Roper v. Simmons' decision? a Public support for executing juveniles dropped to 38% by 2001 b Support for the juvenile death penalty increased significantly c Most people began demanding that juveniles be treated exactly like adults 33 Which case established that the 'Standard for proving guilt' in a juvenile case must match the 'Beyond a Reasonable Doubt' standard used for adults? a In re Winship b Schall v. Martin c In re Gault 34 The 'Hands-Off Doctrine' era was characterized by which of the following judicial philosophies? a All juvenile cases must be handled by a jury of their peers b Courts believed they should not interfere with how juveniles institutions were managed c Juveniles should have more rights that adult to ensure their rehabilitation

Juvenile Justice CH 4-6

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Juvenile Justice CH 4-6Online version

by kiara siders

Which 1984 case allowed for the 'preventative detention' of juveniles if they are considered a danger to public safety?

What percentage of female youth make up gang membership?

What is the standard required for school officials to search a student, according to 'New Jersey v. T.L.O.'?

Which gang type is primarily associated with protecting specific neighborhoods or areas?

What does 'Disproportionate Minority Contact' (DMC) refer to in the juvenile system?

What is 'divestiture' in the juvenile court context?

Which Pennsylvania approach involves the victim and offender working together to repair harm?

What was the purpose of the 2009 case 'Safford Unified School District v. Redding'?

Which policing model views officers as 'enforcers, advisors, and facilitators'?

What does 'exculpatory' evidence mean during the intake process?

In the 1980s and 1990s, the juvenile justice system shifted its primary emphasis. What became the top priority during this 'get-tough' era?

A juvenile is categorized as a CHINS (Child in Need of Supervision). What is the most likely outcome for this youth according to the notes?

Which factor is considered a 'legal factor' that influences the intake process?

The 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) established that which of the following should be the priority for juvenile offenders?

What was a unique feature of 'Operation SHIELD' in California compared to traditional policing?

How does the early involvement of a defense attorney affect a juvenile's case?

Which gang category is specifically noted for being 'anti-authority' and 'violent'?

Which policing program emphasized 'teamwork' between law enforcement, mental health workers, and community organizations to reduce gun violence?

If a group of juveniles forms a group primarily to provide each other with social protection in a dangerous environment, which gang category do they best fit?

A juvenile group is observed being extremely defensive over a specific three-block radius in their neighborhood. Which gang type are they demonstrating?

Which of the following descriptions best identifies a 'Corporate' gang?

If police find extensive graffiti and property damage throughout a district but little evidence of organized violence, which group are they likely dealing with?

A juvenile is arrested for a violent act and expresses a strong, philosophical 'anti-authority' stance. Which category does this juvenile most likely fit?

Which gang type is the least likely to be concerned with a profit-driven organizational structure?

Which Supreme Court case is responsible for officially ending the 'Hands-Off Doctrine' and granting juveniles basic due process rights?

Before the ruling in 'In re Winship' (1970), what was the lower standard of proof used in juvenile courts to determine guilt?

A prosecutor wants to try a 16-year-old in adult court for a robbery after the youth has already been found 'delinquent' for the same act in juvenile court. Which case makes this unconstitutional?

In the case of 'Schall v. Martin' (1984), the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles could be held in 'preventative detention' if they met which criteria?

According to 'New Jersey v. T.L.O.', why are school officials held to a lower standard for searches than police officers?

Which case clarified that a student search must be 'reasonable in scope'—meaning it cannot be excessively intrusive based on the age of the student and the nature of the infraction?

The 2005 case 'Roper v. Simmons' relied on changing 'evolving standards of decency' to rule that which of the following was unconstitutional?

How did public opinion influence the legal atmosphere leading up to the 'Roper v. Simmons' decision?

Which case established that the 'Standard for proving guilt' in a juvenile case must match the 'Beyond a Reasonable Doubt' standard used for adults?

The 'Hands-Off Doctrine' era was characterized by which of the following judicial philosophies?