ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE: considerations

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Negative effects of the spread of English, Languages Hierarchy, and Standards

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Fabricio Alderete

Argentina

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1	Fabricio Alderete May 21, 2026	% 93	05:23
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ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE: considerations


ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE: considerationsOnline version Negative effects of the spread of English, Languages Hierarchy, and Standards by Fabricio Alderete 1 Is it estimated that the world could lose up to 90% of its languages by the year 2100 due to linguistic displacement? Yes No 2 Does "Linguistic Imperialism" refer to a natural, accidental spread of English without any political influence? Yes No 3 Is English often considered a "gatekeeper" because high-level proficiency is frequently tied to expensive private schooling? Yes No 4 Is "Additive Bilingualism" a process where English completely replaces the local mother tongue? Yes No 5 In Graddol’s Pyramid Model, are "Global Languages" located at the base of the pyramid? Yes No 6 Do speakers in the "Expanding Circle" (like Brazil or Japan) primarily use English as a default lingua franca? Yes No 7 Did Randolph Quirk advocate for a "monochrome" standard based on British or American English to ensure global clarity? Yes No 8 Did Braj Kachru argue that native speakers should maintain the exclusive right to control English standards? Yes No 9 Should innovations in "Outer Circle" English (like Indian English) be viewed as legitimate linguistic creativity rather than errors? Yes No 10 Is "Interpretability" defined as simply recognizing that a specific word belongs to the English language? Yes No 11 Are "Norm-providing" countries (Inner Circle) those that traditionally set the standards for the language? Yes No 12 Are "Expanding Circle" countries considered "Norm-developing" because they use English for internal official purposes? Yes No 13 If a student recognizes the literal meaning of a sentence but doesn't understand the speaker's intent, have they achieved "Comprehensibility"? Yes No 14 Is it possible for a conversation to have high "Intelligibility" (you recognize the words) but low "Interpretability" (you are confused by the speaker's tone or goal)? Yes No

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ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE: considerations

Yes or No

About this activity

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ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE: considerationsOnline version

by Fabricio Alderete

Is it estimated that the world could lose up to 90% of its languages by the year 2100 due to linguistic displacement?

Does "Linguistic Imperialism" refer to a natural, accidental spread of English without any political influence?

Is English often considered a "gatekeeper" because high-level proficiency is frequently tied to expensive private schooling?

Is "Additive Bilingualism" a process where English completely replaces the local mother tongue?

In Graddol’s Pyramid Model, are "Global Languages" located at the base of the pyramid?

Do speakers in the "Expanding Circle" (like Brazil or Japan) primarily use English as a default lingua franca?

Did Randolph Quirk advocate for a "monochrome" standard based on British or American English to ensure global clarity?

Did Braj Kachru argue that native speakers should maintain the exclusive right to control English standards?

Should innovations in "Outer Circle" English (like Indian English) be viewed as legitimate linguistic creativity rather than errors?

Is "Interpretability" defined as simply recognizing that a specific word belongs to the English language?

Are "Norm-providing" countries (Inner Circle) those that traditionally set the standards for the language?

Are "Expanding Circle" countries considered "Norm-developing" because they use English for internal official purposes?

If a student recognizes the literal meaning of a sentence but doesn't understand the speaker's intent, have they achieved "Comprehensibility"?

Is it possible for a conversation to have high "Intelligibility" (you recognize the words) but low "Interpretability" (you are confused by the speaker's tone or goal)?