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Bacterial transcription - 20 marks

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Bacterial transcription - 20 marks

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Jessica
Jessica
United Kingdom

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Bacterial transcription - 20 marks
 

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Bacterial transcription - 20 marksOnline version

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by Jessica
1

Transcription in bacteria is the synthesis of RNA ( mRNA ) using as a template , catalysed by polymerase ( RNAP ) . It occurs in three stages : initiation , and .

Initiation begins at a specific DNA sequence called the . RNAP cannot recognise promoter sequences on its own , so it associates with a subunit called ( ? ) factor that enables recognition . The ? factor helps RNAP bind to two highly promoter regions , the ? 35 region ( approximately 35 bases upstream of the gene ) and the ? 10 region , also known as the box ( located around 10 bases upstream ) . Once RNAP is correctly positioned at the promoter , the DNA unwinds locally and transcription begins .

During initiation , RNAP synthesises a short RNA strand of around 8 ? 10 . At this point , the ? factor dissociates from the enzyme , leaving RNAP to continue .

2

During RNAP moves along the DNA template strand , synthesising the RNA transcript in the ? to ? direction by adding complementary nucleotides . The DNA ahead of the enzyme while the DNA behind . strand of the DNA acts as the template , and the RNA produced is to this strand and similar in sequence to the coding strand ( with replacing ) . In bacteria , genes are often organised into , meaning multiple genes can be transcribed together into a single mRNA , which can then be translated into multiple proteins .

3

occurs when RNAP reaches a terminator sequence . In bacteria , a common mechanism is Rho - independent termination , which involves the formation of an inverted in the RNA that creates a hairpin , followed by a series of residues . This causes the RNAP to stop , releasing the transcript and detaching from the .

In bacteria , transcription and are closely linked . As mRNA is being synthesised , ribosomes can immediately attach and begin before is complete , enabling rapid gene expression . Bacterial mRNA does not contain , so no splicing is required .

 
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