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General Microbiology

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General Microbiology

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Created by

Archangelo Louise Frane
Archangelo Louise Frane
Philippines

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General Microbiology
 

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General MicrobiologyOnline version

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by Archangelo Louise Frane
1

invented the first compound microscop e

2

Abiogenesis is also known as

3

There was no microbial growth in Pasteur's swan - shaped flask because it trapped and in the , .

4

The process of heating the substance to the boiling point and holding it for 15 minutes for three consecutive days is called

5

Enumerate the postulates developed by Robert Koch .

? Suspected pathogen must be in all cases of
disease and in heathy animals
? Suspected pathogen is grown in
? Cells from pure culture must cause in a
animal
? Pathogen is and must be the same as

6

was an early , historical method of immunizing against smallpox by deliberately exposing healthy people to material from smallpox pustules

7

Alexander Fleming found out that inhibited the growth of S . aureu s

8

The science of biological classification is called

9

Carolus Linnaeus created the formal system of naming organisms called

10

Enumerate the taxonomic ranks from general to specific :
> > > > > > >

11

The name of prokaryotes have two parts which are ( genus ) and ( species )

12

In the name Escherichia coli 0157 : H7 , 0157 : H7 denotes the of the microorganism .

13

/ are microorganisms that mandatorily needs O2 for surviva l

14

A utilizes sunlight as its energy source and CO2 as its carbon sourc e

15

are unicellular microorganisms that have circular DNA and do not have a nucleus and membrane - bound organelle s

16

are mostly multicellular , have membrane - bound
organelles and nucleus , and have linear DNA .

17

Classification is based on phenotype or the
expressed characteristics of an organism .

18

/ Classification is based on genotype or the genetic makeup of an organism .

19

are eukaryotes which are chemoheterotrophic , nonmotile , and found in soil , water , or decaying matte r

20

Examples of fungi include and

21

Molds
? - causes aflatoxin in peanuts and corn
? - black bread mold
? - starter microorganism for 'tempeh'
? - naturally produces penicilli n

22

Yeast
? - brewer's yeast ; beer - making
? - wine - making
? - causes candidiasis , a human infectio n

23

are eukaryotes which are photoautotrophic and mostly aquatic .

24

Algae
? - seaweed used for 'nori' production
? - preparation of food supplements
? - source of 'algin' an emulsifying agent
? - known as spirulin a

25

Algae toxins
? - Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
? - Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning
? - Ciguatera Fish Toxin
? - Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning
? - Amnesic Shellfish Poisonin g

26

are single - celled organisms which are heterotrophic and lack cell walls .

27

are single - celled organisms which generally has peptidoglycan in their cell wall and possesses a single circular chromosome containing all essential gene s

28

Bacteria
? - produces botulinum toxin
? - causes diarrheal illness in humans
? - model microorganism in scientific research
? & . - acid tolerant microorganisms thats used in used in fermentatio n

29

Protozoa
? - causes trichomoniasis
? - causes giardiasis
? - causes malaria
? - aids in the carbon cycle , feeds on decaying plants and matte r

30

Many protozoans are and cause disease in human s

31

are single - celled organisms . Their cell walls are composed of unique lipids that differ from those of bacteria and eukaryotes , enabling survival in extreme condition s

32

Archaea
? - tolerates extreme salinity
? - important role in methane production
? - oxidizes sulfur to sulfuric aci d

33

are not considered living organisms because they lack the ability to carry out metabolic functions or to reproduce independently without a host cel l

34

are RNA without protective coat ; causes serious plant disease s

35

are composed of proteins only ; considered the smallest infectious agents

36

Microbial Metabolism
? - breaking down of complex molecules into simpler ones ; releases energy
? - building up of simple molecules into more complex ones ; requires energy

37

Microbial Genetics
? - transfer of genetic information via cell - to - cell contact
? - the most common method of gene transfer of bacteria ; transfer of bacterial genes by viruses
? - taking up of free DNA from the environment and incorporation into bacterial gene
? - laboratory method used to combine the genetic material of two or more bacterial cells with NO known conjugation syste m

38

, , , , , and are the favorable conditions for the growth of foodborne pathogen s

39

, , , and are the four phases of microbial growt h

40

is the most commonly used measurement method for measurement of microbial growt h

41

In , both viable and non - viable cells are counted .

42

The Method involves using a spectrophotometer or a turbidimeter to measure growth of microorganisms .

43

The composition of media include 1 . 5 - 2% solidifying agents .

44

media contain specific components that inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms while allowing the growth of others .

45

media contain specific components that allow for the differentiation of different microorganisms .

46

The systematic reduction of an entity through successive resuspension of an initial solution into fixed volumes of a liquid diluent is called

47

The Plate method requires 1 mL of inoculum while Plate only requires 0 . 1mL or les s

48

The classical method used for bacterial isolation is called

49

Microscope uses a light source in order to observe microscopic samples while Microscope uses beams of electron s

50

Microscopic field is brightly lit in while the background is black in

51

The Electron Microscope captures the highly - detailed internal ultrastructure of cells while Electron Microscope creates a picture of the surface and 3D structure of the specimen .

52

A dye stains the surface of the cell while an dye is repelled by the cell membrane and stains the background instead .

53

staining utilizes a single dye to color all cells while uses two or more dyes to differentiate between cells .

54

refers to the killing , inhibition , or removal of microorganisms that may cause disease while is the reduction of microbial population to levels considered safe by public health standard s

55

heat denatures or coagulates proteins while heat burns cells into ashes and oxidizes cellular components .

56

radiation induces cell damage through free radical formation while - radiation leads to the formation of thymine dimers .

 
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