Fill in the Blanks
Complete the text about discrimination
When
we
meet
we
automatically
process
three
pieces
of
information
about
them
:
their
race
,
gender
,
and
age
(
Ito
&
Urland
,
2003
)
.
Why
are
these
aspects
of
an
person
so
important
?
Why
don
?
t
we
instead
notice
whether
their
eyes
are
friendly
,
whether
they
are
smiling
,
their
height
,
the
type
of
they
are
wearing
?
Although
these
secondary
characteristics
are
important
in
forming
a
first
of
a
stranger
,
the
social
categories
of
race
,
gender
,
and
age
provide
a
wealth
of
information
about
an
individual
.
This
information
,
however
,
often
is
on
stereotypes
.
We
may
have
different
expectations
of
strangers
depending
on
their
race
,
gender
,
and
age
.
is
prejudice
and
discrimination
against
an
individual
based
solely
on
one
?
s
membership
in
a
specific
racial
.
Research
in
the
USA
suggests
cultural
stereotypes
for
Asian
Americans
include
cold
,
sly
,
and
intelligent
;
for
Latinos
,
cold
and
unintelligent
;
for
European
Americans
,
cold
and
intelligent
;
and
for
African
Americans
,
aggressive
,
athletic
,
and
more
likely
to
be
law
breakers
.
Racism
exists
for
many
racial
and
ethnic
.
For
example
,
Blacks
are
significantly
more
likely
to
have
their
vehicles
during
traffic
stops
than
Whites
,
particularly
when
Blacks
are
driving
in
predominately
White
neighborhoods
,
Mexican
Americans
and
other
Latino
groups
also
are
targets
of
racism
from
the
police
and
other
members
of
the
community
.
For
example
,
when
items
with
a
personal
check
,
Latino
shoppers
are
more
likely
than
White
shoppers
to
be
asked
to
show
formal
identification
.
Humans
have
two
forms
of
attitudes
:
explicit
attitudes
,
which
are
conscious
and
controllable
,
and
implicit
attitudes
,
which
are
unconscious
and
.
Because
holding
egalitarian
views
is
socially
desirable
,
most
people
do
not
show
extreme
racial
bias
or
other
prejudices
on
measures
of
their
explicit
attitudes
.
However
,
measures
of
implicit
attitudes
often
show
evidence
of
mild
to
strong
racial
bias
or
other
prejudices
.
Sexism
is
prejudice
and
discrimination
toward
individuals
based
on
their
sex
.
Typically
,
sexism
takes
the
form
of
men
holding
biases
against
women
,
but
either
sex
can
show
sexism
toward
their
own
or
their
opposite
sex
.
Like
,
sexism
may
be
subtle
and
difficult
to
detect
.
Common
forms
of
sexism
in
modern
society
include
role
expectations
,
such
as
expecting
women
to
be
the
caretakers
of
the
household
.
Sexism
also
includes
people
?
s
expectations
for
how
members
of
a
gender
group
should
.
For
example
,
women
are
expected
to
be
friendly
,
,
and
nurturing
,
and
when
women
behave
in
an
unfriendly
,
assertive
,
or
neglectful
manner
they
often
are
disliked
for
violating
their
gender
role
.
Research
by
Laurie
Rudman
finds
that
when
female
job
applicants
self
-
promote
,
they
are
likely
to
be
viewed
as
competent
,
but
they
may
be
and
are
less
likely
to
be
hired
because
they
violated
gender
expectations
for
modesty
.
Sexism
can
exist
on
a
societal
level
such
as
in
hiring
,
employment
opportunities
,
and
education
.
Women
are
less
likely
to
be
hired
or
promoted
in
male
-
dominated
professions
such
as
engineering
,
aviation
,
and
construction
.
People
often
form
and
hold
expectations
about
people
based
on
their
age
.
These
judgments
and
can
lead
to
ageism
,
or
prejudice
and
toward
individuals
based
solely
on
their
age
.
Typically
,
ageism
occurs
against
older
adults
,
but
ageism
also
can
occur
toward
adults
.
Ageism
is
widespread
in
U
.
S
.
culture
and
a
common
ageist
attitude
toward
older
adults
is
that
they
are
,
physically
weak
,
and
slow
and
some
people
consider
older
adults
less
attractive
.
Some
cultures
,
however
,
including
some
Asian
,
Latino
,
and
African
American
cultures
,
both
outside
and
within
the
United
States
give
older
adults
respect
and
.
Another
form
of
prejudice
is
:
prejudice
and
discrimination
of
individuals
based
solely
on
their
orientation
.
Like
ageism
,
homophobia
is
a
widespread
prejudice
in
U
.
S
.
society
that
is
by
many
people
.
feelings
often
result
in
discrimination
,
such
as
the
exclusion
of
lesbian
,
gay
,
bisexual
,
and
transgender
(
LGBT
)
from
social
groups
and
the
avoidance
of
LGBT
neighbors
and
co
-
workers
.
This
discrimination
also
extends
to
employers
deliberately
declining
to
hire
qualified
LGBT
job
.
Why
Do
Prejudice
and
Discrimination
?
Prejudice
and
discrimination
persist
in
society
due
to
social
and
conformity
to
social
norms
.
Children
learn
prejudiced
attitudes
and
beliefs
from
society
:
their
,
teachers
,
friends
,
the
media
,
and
other
sources
of
socialization
,
such
as
Facebook
.
If
certain
types
of
prejudice
and
discrimination
are
in
a
society
,
there
may
be
normative
pressures
to
conform
and
share
those
prejudiced
beliefs
,
attitudes
,
and
behaviors
.
Stereotypes
and
Self
-
Fulfilling
Prophecy
When
we
hold
a
about
a
person
,
we
have
expectations
that
he
or
she
will
fulfill
that
stereotype
.
A
self
-
fulfilling
prophecy
is
an
expectation
held
by
a
person
that
alters
his
or
her
in
a
way
that
tends
to
make
it
true
.
When
we
hold
stereotypes
about
a
person
,
we
tend
to
treat
the
person
according
to
our
expectations
.
This
treatment
can
influence
the
person
to
act
according
to
our
stereotypic
expectations
,
thus
confirming
our
stereotypic
beliefs
.
Research
by
Rosenthal
and
Jacobson
found
that
disadvantaged
students
whose
teachers
expected
them
to
perform
well
had
grades
than
disadvantaged
students
whose
teachers
expected
them
to
do
poorly
.
Another
dynamic
that
can
reinforce
stereotypes
is
bias
.
When
interacting
with
the
target
of
our
prejudice
,
we
tend
to
pay
attention
to
information
that
is
consistent
with
our
stereotypic
expectations
and
ignore
information
that
is
inconsistent
with
our
.
In
this
process
,
known
as
confirmation
bias
,
we
seek
out
information
that
supports
our
stereotypes
and
ignore
information
that
is
inconsistent
with
our
stereotypes
.
In
-
Groups
and
Out
-
Groups
We
all
belong
to
a
gender
,
race
,
age
,
and
social
economic
group
.
These
groups
provide
a
powerful
of
our
identity
and
self
-
esteem
.
These
groups
serve
as
our
in
-
groups
.
An
in
-
is
a
group
that
we
identify
with
or
see
ourselves
as
belonging
to
.
A
group
that
we
don
?
t
belong
to
,
or
an
out
-
group
,
is
a
group
that
we
view
as
fundamentally
from
us
.
For
example
,
if
you
are
female
,
your
gender
in
-
group
includes
all
females
,
and
your
gender
out
-
group
includes
all
males
.
People
often
view
gender
groups
as
being
fundamentally
different
from
each
other
in
personality
,
characteristics
,
social
roles
,
and
interests
.
Because
we
often
feel
a
strong
sense
of
belonging
and
emotional
connection
to
our
in
-
groups
,
we
develop
in
-
group
:
a
preference
for
our
own
group
over
other
groups
.
This
in
-
group
bias
can
result
in
prejudice
and
discrimination
because
the
out
-
group
is
perceived
as
different
and
is
less
than
our
in
-
group
.
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