Matching Pairs Nursing Magnesium MatchOnline version Match magnesium concepts with their facts by luis 1 What does magnesium do for muscles? 2 What is magnesium’s role in the heart? 3 What is the normal serum magnesium level? 4 How is magnesium regulated? 5 What system does magnesium influence related to glucose? 6 What is magnesium’s main role in the body? 7 Where is magnesium absorbed? 8 What does magnesium do for nerves? 9 Where is most magnesium stored in the body? 10 What electrolyte does magnesium help regulate? Insulin release and activity Potassium (K⁺) Involved in >300 biochemical reactions Supports muscle contraction and relaxation Maintains normal cardiac rhythm Bones and intracellular fluid (ICF) 1.6–2.6 mEq/L Small intestine Kidneys (excretion) Helps transmit nerve impulses 1 What are common causes of low magnesium? 2 What complication can oral Mg cause? 3 What classic signs may be positive? 4 What is hypomagnesemia? 5 What GI issues cause Mg loss? 6 What medications can cause hypomagnesemia? 7 What foods are high in magnesium? 8 What is priority nursing action for low Mg? 9 What cardiac effects occur? 10 What GI issues cause Mg loss? 11 How is hypomagnesemia treated? 12 What happens to reflexes in hypomagnesemia? 13 What GI findings occur? 14 What neuromuscular signs occur? Loop & thiazide diuretics Monitor cardiac rhythm (ECG) Mg <1.6 mEq/L (or <1.3 in some refs) Green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains Vomiting and diarrhea PO magnesium (mild), IV magnesium (severe) Vomiting and diarrhea Hyperactive (↑ reflexes) Chvostek’s & Trousseau’s signs Constipation, hypoactive bowel sounds Diarrhea Tetany, seizures, paresthesia Dysrhythmias, tachycardia, hypertension Diarrhea, NG suction, diuretics, alcohol use, malnutrition 1 What is hypermagnesemia? 2 What is a severe complication of high Mg? 3 What happens to reflexes in hypermagnesemia? 4 What CNS effects occur? 5 What must be monitored closely? 6 What medications help remove Mg? 7 What medications can cause high Mg? 8 What IV fluids are used? 9 What respiratory effect occurs? 10 What is the antidote for magnesium toxicity? 11 What cardiac effects occur? 12 What is priority nursing assessment? 13 What is the most common cause? Respiratory depression Calcium gluconate Bradycardia, hypotension, dysrhythmias Mg >2.6 mEq/L VS, LOC, respirations, ECG Magnesium-free IV fluids Renal failure Check reflexes (DTRs) Mg-containing antacids & laxatives Lethargy, drowsiness Loop diuretics Cardiac arrest Decreased or absent reflexes 1 What patient is HIGH RISK for hypermagnesemia? 2 What happens to reflexes in LOW Mg? 3 What patient is HIGH RISK for hypomagnesemia? 4 Hypomagnesemia causes what type of excitability? 5 What happens to reflexes in HIGH Mg? 6 •LOW Mg = everything OVERACTIVE 🔥 7 Which condition is most dangerous with high Mg? 8 Which electrolyte imbalance looks like hypocalcemia? 9 Hypermagnesemia causes what type of excitability? 10 •\HIGH Mg = everything SLOWED 🧊 Hypo (↓ activity) Alcohol use disorder / GI losses INCREASED reflexes Respiratory depression + cardiac arrest Hypomagnesemia Reflexes ↑ , Seizures, Heart ↑ Renal failure patient Hyper (↑ activity) DECREASED reflexes Reflexes ↓, Resp ↓, Heart ↓ 1 What electrolyte imbalance is also linked to low Mg? 2 Why does low Mg cause low potassium? 3 What ECG changes may occur with high Mg? 4 What electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen with hypomagnesemia? 5 What lab should always be checked with Mg? 6 What ECG changes may occur with low Mg? 7 What happens if Mg is not corrected before K⁺? 8 Why does hypomagnesemia cause hypocalcemia? Prolonged QT, dysrhythmias Potassium will not correct Hypocalcemia Potassium and Calcium Impairs PTH release Mg is needed to retain potassium in cells Hypokalemia Prolonged PR interval, heart block 1 What indicates Mg toxicity during infusion? 2 What is a common side effect of magnesium sulfate? 3 What medication is magnesium sulfate used for? 4 What is bisacodyl? 5 What is a serious side effect of magnesium sulfate? 6 What is lidocaine’s relation to Mg? 7 What is the therapeutic Mg level for eclampsia? 8 What is magnesium sulfate’s mechanism? 9 What must be monitored during Mg sulfate infusion? 10 What is the antidote for Mg sulfate toxicity? Eclampsia (prevent seizures) Respirations, reflexes, urine output Flushing, warmth CNS depressant, relaxes smooth muscle Both used for dysrhythmias Absent DTRs Respiratory depression Calcium gluconate 4–7 mEq/L (higher than normal) Laxative (can ↓ Mg if abused) 1 What is the FIRST sign of magnesium toxicity? 2 What respiratory rate is concerning with Mg toxicity? 3 What assessment is MOST important for Mg imbalance? 4 What urine output indicates risk for Mg toxicity? 5 Why is low urine output dangerous? 6 What must always be at bedside with Mg infusion? 7 What is priority: low Mg seizures or high Mg bradycardia? <30 mL/hr Calcium gluconate Loss of deep tendon reflexes Mg is excreted by kidneys → buildup Neuromuscular + cardiac monitoring Airway/breathing always first <12 breaths/min 1 Which findings indicate hypomagnesemia? 2 Which findings indicate hypermagnesemia? 3 What should nurse monitor with Mg imbalance? 4 Which patients are at risk for hypomagnesemia? 5 Which patients are at risk for hypermagnesemia? Hyperreflexia, tremors, seizures, positive Chvostek’s Alcohol use, diarrhea, NG suction, malnutrition ECG, reflexes, LOC, respirations Renal failure, excessive antacids/laxatives Bradycardia, hypotension, ↓ reflexes, lethargy 1 What is done if kidneys are not working? 2 Why give Mg slowly IV? 3 What route is used for severe hypomagnesemia? 4 What is priority for hypermagnesemia? 5 What is priority for hypomagnesemia? 6 What must nurse assess before giving Mg? 7 What medication removes Mg from body? Loop diuretics (if kidneys working) IV magnesium sulfate Rapid infusion can cause cardiac arrest Stop Mg intake immediately Kidney function + urine output Replace Mg and monitor cardiac rhythm Dialysis 1 What fruits contain Mg? 2 What foods are high in magnesium? 3 Pt with alcohol use + tremors + seizures → what imbalance? 4 What system is MOST affected by Mg imbalance? 5 What happens if Mg is too high in ICU patient? 6 Pt taking laxatives daily → risk for? 7 Pt has Mg 1.0 + arrhythmias → treatment? 8 Pt with diarrhea and NG suction → likely Mg? 9 Pt with renal failure + weak reflexes → what imbalance? 10 What patient education prevents high Mg? 11 Why is magnesium important in cardiac patients? 12 Pt on Mg sulfate loses reflexes → what do you do FIRST? 13 What patient education prevents low Mg? 14 Why must Mg be corrected before potassium? 15 After stopping Mg infusion, next action? 16 What dairy contains Mg? 17 Why is Mg given in torsades de pointes? 18 Pt has Mg 3.5 mEq/L + RR 10 → priority? Avoid overuse of antacids/laxatives Avoid alcohol abuse, eat balanced diet Hypomagnesemia STOP infusion Prevents dysrhythmias Nuts, legumes, whole grains, leafy greens IV magnesium Support airway/oxygen Administer calcium gluconate Neuromuscular + cardiovascular Nonfat milk, yogurt Bananas, avocado, blueberries LOW Respiratory failure + cardiac arrest K will not stay in cells without Mg Hypomagnesemia OR hypermagnesemia (depends) Stabilizes cardiac rhythm Hypermagnesemia
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