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Review - Krashen's Theory of Language Acquisition

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Principles and Theories of Language Acquisition and Learning

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Review - Krashen's Theory of Language Acquisition
 

Review - Krashen's Theory of Language AcquisitionOnline version

Principles and Theories of Language Acquisition and Learning

by Joana Marie Francisco
1

Language acquisition is a subconscious process similar to how children learn their first language.

2

According to Krashen, conscious learning of grammar rules is the most effective way to develop fluency.

3

Grammatical structures are acquired in a predictable sequence regardless of how simple or complex they seem based on natural order hypothesis.

4

The "monitor" acts as an internal editor that corrects language output after it has been produced based on monitor hypothesis.

5

Teachers can speed up language acquisition by teaching grammar rules in a different order than the natural sequence.

6

Relying heavily on grammar rules while speaking helps a learner become more spontaneous and fluent.

7

Rote repetition and grammar drills are more effective for acquisition than exposure to meaningful, understandable language.

8

A "high" affective filter is the ideal emotional state for a student to successfully acquire a second language.

9

Acquisition happens when a learner understands messages that are slightly beyond their current level (i+1).

10

High levels of anxiety and low self-confidence can create a mental block that prevents language acquisition.

11

For language acquisition to occur, the learner must be able to understand the "gist" or general meaning of the message.

12

Methods like TPR helps beginners turn "noise" into comprehensible input.

13

If a learner finds a text too difficult to understand, they will still acquire language as long as they keep reading it.

14

Krashen suggests that while grammar has its place (in the Monitor), true fluency is built through exposure to meaningful language, not by memorizing rules.

15

A classroom environment that is high-stakes and high-stress is the most efficient way to lower a student's Affective Filter.

16

Because of the Natural Order Hypothesis, some structures cannot be forced. A teacher’s patience allows the student to acquire these points when they are developmentally ready.

17

The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis, Monitor Hypothesis, Natural Order Hypothesis, Input Hypothesis, and Affective Filter Hypothesis are the included in Krashen's Theory of Language Acquisition.

18

The primary benefit of learning grammar rules is to allow the learner to "monitor" and polish their language after they have acquired the basics.

19

A student who can perfectly recite every rule of English grammar is guaranteed to be a fluent and spontaneous speaker.

20

To ensure maximum progress, students should only listen to or read content that is exactly at their current level (i) with no new challenges.

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