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Y13 Data Transmission and TCP/IP Revision Gap Fill

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Y13 Data Transmission and TCP/IP Revision Gap Fill

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Complete the gap fill

Created by

Liz Swallow
Liz Swallow
United Kingdom

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Y13 Data Transmission and TCP/IP Revision Gap Fill
 

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Y13 Data Transmission and TCP/IP Revision Gap FillOnline version

Complete the gap fill

by Liz Swallow
1

1 . The TCP / IP protocol stack is a set of used to format data so it can be sent across a .

2 . TCP / IP consists of layers that work together to transmit data .

3 . Each layer / the data with its own header information .

2

The Application Layer provides for applications that want to communicate across a .

This layer uses ? level protocols such as HTTP , FTP and SMTP .

The Application Layer does not decide the data is transmitted , only should be sent .

When a browser requests a web page , it uses the protocol .

3

The Transport Layer uses the Control Protocol ( TCP ) .

TCP establishes an end ? to ? end between the sender and receiver .

Data is split into smaller units called / .

Each segment is assigned a number to allow correct reassembly .

TCP uses numbers to identify the application that should receive the data .

If packets are missing , the Transport Layer will them to be resent .

4

The Internet Layer uses the Protocol ( IP ) .

Each packet is given both a IP address and a IP address .

Routers use tables to decide where to forward packets next .

A is defined by a combination of an IP address and a number .

5

The Link Layer operates over a connection .

It adds the address of the Network Interface Card ( NIC ) .

MAC addresses can change at each as packets move through routers .

Data is transmitted across the network as frames .

6

At the destination , packets move through the TCP / IP layers .

The Link Layer removes the address before passing data upwards .

The Internet Layer removes the address .

The Transport Layer reassembles the data using numbers .

Finally , the Application Layer presents the data to the / / .

7

A web server sends HTML content using the protocol .

Web servers host , CSS and JavaScript files .

As a web page loads , additional resources such as and videos may be downloaded .

The web browser the received data and displays the page for the user .

8

When a user requests a web page , the process begins at the , where the web browser uses the to request the page from a web server . The server prepares the requested HTML ( and any other resources ) as an HTTP response .

This data is passed to the , which uses . TCP the data into smaller packets , adds so the data can be reassembled in the correct order , and adds ( for example , port 80 for HTTP ) to identify the correct application . TCP also ensures reliability by allowing missing packets to be retransmitted .

Next , the packets move to the ( ) , which uses . Each packet is with an IP header containing the and , allowing routers to forward the packets towards the correct network using routing tables .

The packets are then passed to the , which encapsulates them into . This layer adds for the next device on the local network and transmits the frames over the physical medium . MAC addresses change at each hop as the packet moves between routers .

When the data reaches the destination , occurs in reverse . The Link Layer removes the MAC header , the Internet Layer removes the IP header , and the Transport Layer reassembles the packets using sequence numbers . Finally , the delivers the web page to the browser , where it is rendered for the user .

9

Data transmissions can be sent either in a or fashion . With synchronous transmission , bits of data are transmitted at by making use of a . This makes sure that there is a and way of transmitting the data . This is especially useful for any transmissions that are considered - such as - video .

This type of transmission is typically used for communication ? e . g . inside the . In this example , the internal clock produces a at intervals , which travels along the .

With asynchronous transmission , we send one at a . Each character we send is preceded by a and followed by a . The start bit is used as a way of the device and is used to synchronise the inside the receiving device . The bit allows the receiving device time to the next bit .

We typically also send a bit along with a character . This means a single character being sent totals 10 in length . The bit can be either a or . The bit is then set to the value to the start bit . This type of transmission is typically used by and is efficient for relatively amounts of data . The big advantage of this form of data transmission is that it does not need a way of the
signal to work .

 
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