Cipher Sleuth: Medium

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Crypto basics in bite-sized questions

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Cipher Sleuth: Medium


Froggy Jumps Cipher Sleuth: MediumOnline version Crypto basics in bite-sized questions by Виктория 1 What is a cipher in cryptography? a A method of transforming plaintext into ciphertext b A random number generator c A tool for compressing data 2 What does a Caesar cipher primarily do? a Encrypts with a public key only b Uses a one-time pad c Shifts each letter by a fixed number 3 What characterizes symmetric key cryptography? a The same key is used to encrypt and decrypt b Does not require keys at all c Uses different keys for each operation 4 What is a cryptographic hash function? a Generates a random number each time b Deterministic function that outputs a fixed-size hash c Encrypts data with a key 5 Which is an example of public-key cryptography? a RSA uses a pair of keys (public and private) b DES uses a pair of keys c AES uses a pair of keys 6 AES belongs to which category? a Asymmetric stream cipher b Symmetric block cipher c Hash function 7 Define plaintext in cryptography. a Key material before use b Readable input before encryption c Ciphertext after encryption 8 What does CPA security refer to? a Resistance to brute-force attacks only b Resistance to chosen-ciphertext attacks c Resistance to chosen-plaintext attacks 9 What is a nonce used for? a A way to compress data b A type of key c A number used once to prevent replay attacks 10 What is the purpose of a digital signature? a Authenticate origin and ensure integrity b Compress the message payload c Encrypt all data generically 11 Which of the following is NOT a cryptographic property? a Collision resistance b Key management c Public visibility of private keys 12 What does a public key do in a typical system? a Encrypts data that only the private key can decrypt b Stores user passwords c Decrypts data 13 What is a plaintext-ciphertext pair used for? a To store keys b To illustrate encryption and decryption c To generate random numbers 14 Which is true about one-way functions? a Easy to compute, hard to invert b Impossible to compute c Easy to invert 15 Which attack exploits knowledge of plaintext? a Chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) b Ciphertext-only attack c Replay attack 16 What is key management? a Handling keys securely throughout their lifecycle b Managing user accounts only c Backups of plaintext data 17 What does entropy relate to in crypto? a Public key length b Uncertainty/randomness in keys or data c Data compression ratio 18 Which algorithm is symmetric? a Diffie-Hellman b RSA c AES 19 What is a digital certificate? a A file format for data compression b A type of password c A binding of a public key to an identity, trusted by CAs 20 Which property ensures data hasn't been altered? a Availability b Integrity c Confidentiality 21 What does confidentiality ensure? a Only authorized parties can access data b Anyone can decrypt c Data can be modified freely 22 What is cryptanalysis? a Key generation only b The study of breaking cryptographic systems c The design of new ciphers 23 What is a padding scheme used for? a Preventing certain types of cryptographic attacks b Compressing data c Generating keys 24 Which is a stream cipher example? a RSA b RC4 (historical) c AES 25 What is a PKI? a Private Key Initiative b Public Key Infrastructure c Password Key Interface 26 What is a brute-force attack? a Decrypting without keys b Using a single key c Trying many keys until finding the right one 27 What is salting in password storage? a Compressing the hash b Adding randomness to hashes to defend against precomputation c Encrypting with a key 28 Which operation uses a public key to encrypt? a Hashing b Asymmetric encryption c Symmetric decryption 29 Which property prevents someone from deducing a secret key from ciphertext alone? a Public knowledge b Semantic security c Deterministic output 30 What does blockchain crypto primarily rely on? a Plain ciphertext b Public announcements c Cryptographic hashing and digital signatures 31 What is ECC? a Electronic Certificate Chain b Extended Cipher Code c Elliptic Curve Cryptography 32 What is a hash collision? a Two plaintexts encrypting identically b Two keys producing same ciphertext c Two inputs producing the same hash 33 What is a padding oracle vulnerability? a A method for padding data securely b A type of cipher c Exploits how padding errors leak information 34 Which best describes a secure channel? a A public blog b A communication path providing confidentiality and integrity c A local file path 35 What does TLS ensure? a Only speed improvement b Confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity for web traffic c Only data compression 36 Which is NOT cryptography? a Unencrypted data transfer b Key exchange c Encryption 37 What is a cryptosystem? a A programming language b A hardware device c A suite of algorithms for encryption/decryption 38 What is a digital envelope concept? a Only sign data b Encrypt data with recipient’s public key and sign c Only compress data 39 Which is a hash’s fixed output size? a Variable length depending on input b Yes, fixed length regardless of input c Dependent on key length 40 Which cipher mode ensures data integrity? a Plain ECB b Authenticated encryption modes (AEAD) c CBC without authentication 41 What is a cryptographic key escrow? a Keys are never stored b Keys are publicly posted c A trusted third party holds keys under policy 42 Which statement about encryption is true? a It eliminates the need for keys b It protects confidentiality when implemented correctly c It guarantees perfect security in all cases 43 What is a cryptographic nonce used for? a Increase throughput b Prevent replay and ensure unique sessions c Compress messages 44 Which term describes data that is unreadable without a key? a Metadata b Plaintext c Ciphertext 45 Which is a property of secure random numbers? a Predictable patterns b Fixed values c Unpredictability and uniform distribution 46 What is key exchange? a Encrypting with a public key b Storing keys on disk without protection c Protocol to establish a shared secret over insecure channels 47 Which is typically used for integrity? a Keys only b Public announcements c Hash functions and MACs 48 What is a digital signature verified by? a A symmetric key b The signer’s public key c The private key 49 Which cipher requires no secret key exchange? a Symmetric cryptography b Hashing only c Public-key (asymmetric) cryptography 50 What does PFS stand for in crypto? a Public Function Security b Passive Frame Security c Perfect Forward Secrecy 51 Which attack tries to reveal decryption key? a Man-in-the-middle b Key recovery attack c Phishing attack 52 What is steganography? a Encrypting with a key b Hiding messages within non-secret data c Generating hashes 53 Which is an example of a hash algorithm? a AES-256 b RSA-2048 c SHA-256 54 Which concept ensures data authenticity? a Key wrapping b Compression c Digital signatures 55 What is a certificate authority (CA)? a A data storage format b Trusted entity that issues digital certificates c A type of password 56 Which algorithm is asymmetric? a AES b RSA c MD5 57 What is data at rest protection? a Protecting stored data from unauthorized access b Protecting data in transit c Protecting users’ passwords only 58 Which is a property of a secure random generator? a Always zero b Unpredictability and bias resistance c Deterministic output 59 What does MAC stand for? a Multi-Actor Cipher b Message Authentication Code c Master Access Credential 60 Which mode provides encryption with integrity? a ECB without padding b AEAD modes (e.g., GCM) c CBC without authentication 61 What is a replay attack? a Decrypting without a key b Reusing a valid data transmission to trick systems c Signing data twice 62 What is cryptographic agility? a Inflexible protocol design b Ability to switch algorithms with minimal disruption c Dependence on a single cipher 63 Which is a common asymmetric algorithm? a DES b Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) c AES-256 64 What is a padding oracle? a A vulnerability due to error messages revealing padding info b A type of cipher mode c A key exchange protocol 65 What is forward secrecy? a Keys never expire b Public keys never change c Session keys are not derived from long-term keys 66 Which protocol secures web traffic? a SMTP b TLS c FTP 67 What is cryptanalysis? a The study of breaking cryptosystems b Computing hash values c Designing new ciphers 68 Which describes a hash collision? a Two messages producing different hashes b Two inputs producing the same hash value c Two keys producing the same ciphertext 69 What is a salt in password hashing? a Random data added to a password before hashing b A compression technique c A type of encryption key

Cipher Sleuth: Medium

Froggy Jumps

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Cipher Sleuth: MediumOnline version

by Виктория

What is a cipher in cryptography?

What does a Caesar cipher primarily do?

What characterizes symmetric key cryptography?

What is a cryptographic hash function?

Which is an example of public-key cryptography?

AES belongs to which category?

Define plaintext in cryptography.

What does CPA security refer to?

What is a nonce used for?

What is the purpose of a digital signature?

Which of the following is NOT a cryptographic property?

What does a public key do in a typical system?

What is a plaintext-ciphertext pair used for?

Which is true about one-way functions?

Which attack exploits knowledge of plaintext?

What is key management?

What does entropy relate to in crypto?

Which algorithm is symmetric?

What is a digital certificate?

Which property ensures data hasn't been altered?

What does confidentiality ensure?

What is cryptanalysis?

What is a padding scheme used for?

Which is a stream cipher example?

What is a PKI?

What is a brute-force attack?

What is salting in password storage?

Which operation uses a public key to encrypt?

Which property prevents someone from deducing a secret key from ciphertext alone?

What does blockchain crypto primarily rely on?

What is ECC?

What is a hash collision?

What is a padding oracle vulnerability?

Which best describes a secure channel?

What does TLS ensure?

Which is NOT cryptography?

What is a cryptosystem?

What is a digital envelope concept?

Which is a hash’s fixed output size?

Which cipher mode ensures data integrity?

What is a cryptographic key escrow?

Which statement about encryption is true?

What is a cryptographic nonce used for?

Which term describes data that is unreadable without a key?

Which is a property of secure random numbers?

What is key exchange?

Which is typically used for integrity?

What is a digital signature verified by?

Which cipher requires no secret key exchange?

What does PFS stand for in crypto?

Which attack tries to reveal decryption key?

What is steganography?

Which is an example of a hash algorithm?

Which concept ensures data authenticity?

What is a certificate authority (CA)?

Which algorithm is asymmetric?

What is data at rest protection?

Which is a property of a secure random generator?

What does MAC stand for?

Which mode provides encryption with integrity?

What is a replay attack?