Blood & Heart Mastery

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Circulation and hematology quiz

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Nur Amirah Soleha Mohd Shaffree

Malaysia

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Blood & Heart Mastery


Froggy Jumps Blood & Heart MasteryOnline version Circulation and hematology quiz by Nur Amirah Soleha Mohd Shaffree 1 What is the most abundant plasma protein responsible for maintaining blood osmotic pressure? a Hemoglobin b Albumin c Globulin 2 Which component of blood is responsible for initiating the process of hemostasis (blood clotting)? a Erythrocytes b Plasma c Platelets (Thrombocytes) 3 What is the primary site of hematopoiesis (blood cell production) in an adult human body? a Red bone marrow b Liver c Spleen 4 A person with blood type O negative is considered a universal donor because their red blood cells lack which structures? a A and B antibodies b A, B, and Rh antigens c Plasma proteins 5 Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation via the aorta? a Right Ventricle b Left Ventricle c Right Atrium 6 The bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents the backflow of blood from which chamber into which other chamber? a Right ventricle to right atrium b Left ventricle to left atrium c Left atrium to pulmonary veins 7 What is the primary function of the chordae tendineae within the heart? a Anchoring AV valve flaps to prevent eversion b Providing nutrients to the myocardium c Pumping blood through the coronary sinus 8 A nurse is assessing a patient with hypertension. Which characteristic of arteries allows them to withstand high blood pressure? a Thick tunica media containing smooth muscle and elastic fibers b Presence of valves c Large lumen with low resistance 9 Which blood vessel is the primary site for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste products? a Veins b Arterioles c Capillaries 10 A patient presents with varicose veins. Which underlying mechanism most likely contributes to this condition? a Increased arterial elasticity b Increased capillary permeability c Failure of venous valves 11 During the coagulation cascade, which enzyme directly converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands to stabilize a blood clot? a Thrombin b Prothrombinase c Plasmin 12 Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Which organ releases EPO, and what triggers its release? a Kidneys, triggered by low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia) b Liver, triggered by low iron levels c Red bone marrow, triggered by high blood oxygen levels 13 Which component of the cardiac conduction system is known as the 'natural pacemaker' because it sets the fundamental rhythm of the heart? a SA Node b Purkinje Fibers c AV Node 14 On an ECG (EKG) tracing, what physiological event does the QRS complex represent? a Atrial depolarization b Ventricular depolarization c Atrial repolarization 15 What is the functional significance of the delay that occurs at the Atrioventricular (AV) node? a To allow the ventricles to finish repolarizing b To prevent the electrical signal from reaching the atria c To allow the atria to fully contract and fill the ventricles 16 Trace the correct sequence of electrical excitation through the heart. a Bundle of His → SA node → AV node → Purkinje fibers b SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers c SA node → Purkinje fibers → AV node → Bundle of His 17 A red blood cell leaves the left ventricle and travels through the systemic circulation. Which sequence correctly describes its pathway? a Left ventricle → Aorta → Body tissues → Vena cava → Right atrium b Left ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Left atrium c Right ventricle → Aorta → Body tissues → Right atrium 18 A patient is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. Which aspect of circulation is primarily affected? a Coronary circulation b Pulmonary circulation c Systemic circulation 19 A nurse explains that pulmonary arteries differ from most other arteries because they: a Carry oxygenated blood b Carry deoxygenated blood c Have valves 20 A nurse is caring for a patient performing strenuous exercise. Which physiological change contributes most directly to increased skeletal muscle perfusion? a Decreased cardiac output b Local accumulation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions causing vasodilation c Increased parasympathetic stimulation 21 Situation: A pregnant woman with Blood Type A-negative is carrying her second child. Her first child was Blood Type B-positive. What clinical condition is the fetus at risk for? a Acute Hemolytic Reaction b Erythroblastosis fetalis c Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) 22 Situation: A patient's CBC report shows high hematocrit with dehydration. How does this condition affect circulation and risk? a It has no effect on flow but decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. b It increases blood viscosity, slowing blood flow and raising the risk of blood clots. c It reduces cardiac afterload by dilating the large elastic arteries. 23 Situation: A patient's blood clumps with anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies, but not with anti-B. What is the patient's blood type, and which packed red blood cells can they safely receive? a Blood Type A+; can safely receive A+, A-, O+, and O-. b Blood Type B+; can safely receive B+ and O+. c Blood Type AB-; can safely receive all negative blood types. 24 Arrange the three primary phases of hemostasis in the correct chronological order from the moment a blood vessel is injured. a Platelet plug formation → Coagulation → Vascular spasm b Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation c Coagulation → Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation 25 If a patient has a Heart Rate (HR) of 75 bpm and a Stroke Volume (SV) of 80 mL/beat, what is their Cardiac Output (CO)? a 5,250 mL/min b 6,000 mL/min c 1.06 L/min 26 During the 'Isovolumetric Contraction' phase of the cardiac cycle, which statement is true? a All four heart valves are closed and ventricular pressure is rising b The atria are in systole. c Blood is being rapidly ejected into the aorta. 27 Calculate the Stroke Volume (SV) for EDV 120 mL and ESV 50 mL. a 60 mL b 70 mL c 170 mL 28 A patient stands up suddenly after prolonged bed rest and feels dizzy. Which immediate response helps restore blood pressure? a Decreased heart rate b Increased sympathetic stimulation causing vasoconstriction c Increased parasympathetic stimulation 29 A trauma patient loses ~30% of circulating blood volume. Which compensatory mechanism via RAAS occurs? a Increased urine production b Aldosterone-mediated sodium and water retention c Decreased sodium reabsorption 30 A patient with septic shock develops widespread vasodilation. What effect does this have on blood pressure? a Decreased peripheral resistance and decreased blood pressure b Increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure c Increased venous return only

Blood & Heart Mastery

Froggy Jumps

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Blood & Heart MasteryOnline version

by Nur Amirah Soleha Mohd Shaffree

What is the most abundant plasma protein responsible for maintaining blood osmotic pressure?

Which component of blood is responsible for initiating the process of hemostasis (blood clotting)?

What is the primary site of hematopoiesis (blood cell production) in an adult human body?

A person with blood type O negative is considered a universal donor because their red blood cells lack which structures?

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation via the aorta?

The bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents the backflow of blood from which chamber into which other chamber?

What is the primary function of the chordae tendineae within the heart?

A nurse is assessing a patient with hypertension. Which characteristic of arteries allows them to withstand high blood pressure?

Which blood vessel is the primary site for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste products?

A patient presents with varicose veins. Which underlying mechanism most likely contributes to this condition?

During the coagulation cascade, which enzyme directly converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands to stabilize a blood clot?

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Which organ releases EPO, and what triggers its release?

Which component of the cardiac conduction system is known as the 'natural pacemaker' because it sets the fundamental rhythm of the heart?

On an ECG (EKG) tracing, what physiological event does the QRS complex represent?

What is the functional significance of the delay that occurs at the Atrioventricular (AV) node?

Trace the correct sequence of electrical excitation through the heart.

A red blood cell leaves the left ventricle and travels through the systemic circulation. Which sequence correctly describes its pathway?

A patient is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. Which aspect of circulation is primarily affected?

A nurse explains that pulmonary arteries differ from most other arteries because they:

A nurse is caring for a patient performing strenuous exercise. Which physiological change contributes most directly to increased skeletal muscle perfusion?

Situation: A pregnant woman with Blood Type A-negative is carrying her second child. Her first child was Blood Type B-positive. What clinical condition is the fetus at risk for?

Situation: A patient's CBC report shows high hematocrit with dehydration. How does this condition affect circulation and risk?

Situation: A patient's blood clumps with anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies, but not with anti-B. What is the patient's blood type, and which packed red blood cells can they safely receive?

Arrange the three primary phases of hemostasis in the correct chronological order from the moment a blood vessel is injured.

If a patient has a Heart Rate (HR) of 75 bpm and a Stroke Volume (SV) of 80 mL/beat, what is their Cardiac Output (CO)?

During the 'Isovolumetric Contraction' phase of the cardiac cycle, which statement is true?

Calculate the Stroke Volume (SV) for EDV 120 mL and ESV 50 mL.

A patient stands up suddenly after prolonged bed rest and feels dizzy. Which immediate response helps restore blood pressure?

A trauma patient loses ~30% of circulating blood volume. Which compensatory mechanism via RAAS occurs?

A patient with septic shock develops widespread vasodilation. What effect does this have on blood pressure?