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Intelligence in Animals

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Intelligence in Animals

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Intelligence in Animals
 

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Intelligence in AnimalsOnline version

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by Nastia Sakharova
1

The mirror test ( formally called the " mark test " or " mirror self - recognition test " ) is a behavioral experiment designed to determine whether an animal the ability to recognize its own reflection as itself , rather than as another animal .

The classic procedure :

1 . An animal is anesthetized or , and a non - toxic , odorless dye or sticker is placed on a part of its body that it can only see with a mirror ( for example , its forehead or ear ) .

2 . When the animal wakes , researchers place a mirror in its enclosure .

3 . The researchers watch to see if the animal or investigates the mark on its own body while looking in the mirror .

4 . If the animal touches the mark on itself ( rather than trying to touch the mark on the " other animal " in the reflection ) , it passes the test . This the animal understands that the reflection is me , not another .

2

Passing mirror test is considered key indicator of self - awareness and , more specifically , visual self - recognition . It suggests animal has concept of its own physical body and sense of individuality .

3

For a long time , scientists thought only humans and great apes could do this . Today , the list of includes :

- Great Apes : Chimpanzees , bonobos , , and orangutans .
- Marine Mammals : Bottlenose dolphins , orcas , and false .
- Elephants : have passed .
- Birds : Magpies ( the only bird to pass so far ) and some ( after training ) .
- Fish : The cleaner wrasse ( a small fish ) surprisingly passed in 2018 , challenging the idea that you need a or neocortex for self - recognition .
- Humans : Most human babies pass between months of age .

4

The mirror test is highly controversial , and many scientists debate its validity for three main reasons :

1 . It is - only : It heavily favors animals that rely on sight . Dogs , for example , fail the mirror test but pass a " test " ( they spend more time sniffing their own urine if it has been altered , showing they know their own scent ) .

2 . It is : Many animals don't care about visual marks on their bodies . In the wild , a gorilla might not touch a mark because it simply a spot of paint , not because it lacks self - awareness .

3 . It is - inducing : Some animals ( like gorillas ) are taught from birth to avoid direct contact as a sign of aggression . When they see a " strange gorilla " staring at them in the mirror , they look away ? failing the test not from a , but from !

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