Matching Pairs Text Structures and Language Techniques - MatchingOnline version Match terms with their definitions. by Taylor Minor 1 Order of Importance 2 Problem and Solution 3 Enumeration Order 4 Signal Words 5 Summary 6 Transition Words 7 First Person 8 Third-Person Limited 9 Chronological Order 10 Generalization 11 Pronoun 12 Third Person 13 Cause and Effect 14 Second Person 15 Third-Person Omniscient 16 Figurative Language 17 Sequential Order 18 Main Idea 19 Connotation 20 Point of View 21 Organizational Structure 22 Spatial Order 23 Compare and Contrast 24 Loaded Words A point of view using I, me, we, or us. The narrator is part of the story. Organizing details by location, position, or physical arrangement. A structure that examines similarities and differences between two or more things. The feelings, associations, or implied meanings connected to a word. Organizing ideas from least to most important, or most to least important. A broad statement or conclusion about a group, topic, or category based on examples or evidence. A structure that presents an issue and explains one or more ways to solve it. Strongly emotional words chosen to influence how an audience feels about a topic. A point of view using he, she, they, or character names. The most important point or central message of a text or section. Words or phrases that help readers identify how ideas are connected. Examples: because, however, first, finally, similarly. A narrator who knows the thoughts and feelings of multiple characters. A brief retelling of the most important ideas and events without unnecessary details. The way an author arranges ideas in a text. The perspective from which a story or text is told. A structure that explains why something happened and what happened as a result. A word that takes the place of a noun, such as he, she, it, they, or we. Organizing information as a list of points, reasons, examples, or details. Organizing events by the order in which they happened in time. Words or phrases that connect ideas and guide readers through a text. Language that goes beyond literal meaning to create imagery, comparison, emphasis, or effect. A narrator who follows the thoughts and feelings of one main character. A point of view using you. It directly addresses the reader. Organizing steps or events in the order they should occur. 1 Ergo Propter Hoc 2 Bibliography 3 Staw Man Fallacy 4 Appeal to Authority Fallacy 5 Hasty Generalization Fallacy 6 False Equivalence Fallacy 7 Equivocation 8 Graphic Features 9 Caption 10 Index 11 Red Herring Fallacy 12 Preface 13 Works Cited 14 Bandwagon Fallacy 15 Post Hoc Fallacy (False Cause) 16 Heading 17 Slippery Slope Fallacy 18 Graphic Organizer 19 Subheading 20 Glossary 21 False Analogy / False Causation 22 Fallacy 23 Logical Fallacy 24 Parenthetical Citation (In-Text) 25 Footnote 26 Ad Hominem Fallacy 27 Circular Reasoning Fallacy 28 Table of Contents 29 False Dilemma (Either/Or) Fallacy 30 Abstract (Scientific Publication) Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someones argument so it is easier to attack. A smaller heading that divides a larger section into more specific parts. An alphabetical list near the end of a book that tells where specific topics appear. A list of chapters or sections and the pages where they begin. Using the claim itself as its own evidence. Assuming that because one event happened after another, the first event caused the second. Treating two things as equal even though important differences exist between them. A short summary at the beginning of a research article that explains the studys purpose, methods, findings, and conclusion. A note or citation placed at the bottom of a page that gives extra information or identifies a source. A visual tool used to organize ideas, information, comparisons, or relationships. Pretending there are only two choices when other options exist. Making a broad conclusion based on too little evidence or too few examples. Brief text that explains a photograph, chart, illustration, or other visual. A weak comparison between things that are not alike in important ways, or an incorrect claim that one event caused another. Using a word with more than one meaning in a misleading way. A citation placed in parentheses within a sentence to show where information came from. A list of the sources actually cited in a paper or project. Visual elements such as charts, graphs, maps, diagrams, photographs, and timelines that help explain information. Introducing an unrelated issue to distract from the real argument. Claiming that one small action will automatically lead to a chain of extreme negative events. Claiming something is true, good, or right because many people believe or do it. A title that tells what a section of text is about. A list of important terms and their definitions, usually found near the end of a book. A list of sources used or consulted during research. Treating someone7s opinion as proof simply because they are famous, powerful, or respected, even when they are not qualified. A flawed pattern of reasoning that may sound convincing but does not logically prove a claim. An error in reasoning that makes an argument weak or misleading. An introductory section, often written by the author, that explains the purpose or background of a book. Faulty reasoning that assumes something must be true or caused by something else simply because it seems connected. Attacking a person instead of addressing that person7s argument. 1 Logical Appeal / Logos 2 Emotional Appeal / Pathos 3 Tone (ELA) 4 Author’s Attitude 5 Rhetorical Appeal 6 Audience (Rhetorical Situation) 7 Author’s Purpose A method an author uses to persuade or influence an audience. The specific person or group an author is trying to reach. Persuasion through facts, evidence, statistics, examples, and reasoning. The attitude or mood an author communicates through word choice and style. The reason an author creates a text, such as to inform, persuade, entertain, explain, or inspire. The author’s feelings or viewpoint toward the topic or audience. Persuasion through emotions such as fear, sympathy, pride, anger, hope, or guilt. 1 Mode of Rhetoric 2 Persuasive Writing 3 Argumentation 4 Rhetorical Question 5 Realized User Image 6 Argumentative Writing 7 Desired User Image Writing or speaking that makes a claim and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Writing meant to convince an audience to believe, think, or do something. A question asked for effect rather than because the author expects an answer. The kind of person the author wants the audience to see themselves as being. Writing that takes a position on an issue and supports that position with evidence. The identity or role the audience actually adopts or sees in themselves after responding to the text. A broad way of communicating for a purpose, such as narration, description, exposition, or argumentation. 1 Exposition 2 Criticism 3 Narration 4 Description 5 Thesis Statement 6 Claim (Argumentation) 7 Informative / Explanatory Writing Writing that tells a story or explains events in sequence. Writing that uses details and sensory language to help readers picture a person, place, object, or experience. The central claim or main argument of an essay. Writing that teaches, explains, or gives information about a topic. Analysis and evaluation of a text, work of art, idea, or performance. A statement that expresses a position, belief, or argument that needs support. Writing that explains or provides factual information about a subject. 1 Relevant Evidence 2 Evidence Sufficiency 3 Testimonial 4 Claim and Refutation 5 Appeal to Authority 6 Evidence (Argumentative Writing) 7 Controversial 8 Expert Opinion Evidence that directly connects to and supports the claim being made. Whether there is enough strong evidence to fully support a claim. Using a qualified expert or trusted source to support an argument. A statement from a person who recommends, supports, or describes personal experience with something. Facts, examples, quotations, data, or details used to support a claim. Likely to cause disagreement because people have strong opposing opinions about it. A strategy where a writer presents an opposing claim and then explains why it is weak, incomplete, or incorrect. A statement or judgment from someone with specialized knowledge or experience in a topic.
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