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Migration data & reporting language - PRACTICEOnline version
BELARUS TALK 2.05
Estimates
as
to
how
many
Belarusians
have
left
the
country
since
2020
:
independent
researchers
between
200
,
000
and
500
,
000
,
while
official
Belarusian
government
data
?
to
the
extent
it
exists
?
gives
a
far
figure
.
The
of
August
2020
was
a
major
for
the
wave
of
political
emigration
that
:
within
weeks
,
thousands
of
activists
,
journalists
,
and
civil
society
figures
had
left
the
country
.
The
between
Belarus
and
neighbouring
Poland
was
a
of
pre
-
2020
,
consistently
motivating
workers
to
seek
employment
abroad
even
in
years
without
major
political
events
.
A
explains
why
a
pattern
continues
;
a
explains
why
it
suddenly
intensifies
.
Both
terms
can
apply
to
the
same
situation
?
the
2020
was
a
trigger
that
activated
drivers
(
political
,
destroyed
civic
space
)
already
building
for
years
.
The
of
Visa
and
Mastercard
operations
in
Belarus
in
early
March
2022
was
an
pushing
IT
workers
to
:
it
compounded
the
political
and
pressures
that
were
already
the
primary
reason
many
were
considering
leaving
.
Official
may
be
because
of
underreporting
,
flawed
methodology
,
limited
scope
,
or
deliberate
.
Russia's
full
-
scale
of
Ukraine
in
February
2022
migration
among
Belarusian
:
those
who
had
settled
in
Kyiv
were
forced
to
move
,
redistributing
the
diaspora
toward
Warsaw
,
Vilnius
,
Berlin
,
and
Prague
.
Destination
country
describes
where
someone
has
gone
;
country
emphasises
the
ongoing
relationship
between
migrant
and
receiving
state
.
In
practice
they
often
refer
to
the
country
,
but
the
framing
differs
.
The
systematic
of
independent
media
in
2021
among
journalists
and
media
workers
who
had
stayed
through
the
initial
,
making
it
clear
that
no
professional
space
remained
inside
Belarus
.
Belarusian
citizens
were
among
the
top
nationalities
receiving
first
in
the
EU
in
2023
,
to
Eurostat
?
a
figure
that
reflects
the
sustained
scale
of
post
-
2020
and
post
-
2022
emigration
.
The
are
for
the
period
immediately
after
the
2020
crackdown
:
Lithuania
and
Poland
published
regular
arrivals
figures
,
but
other
EU
member
states
did
not
Belarusian
migrants
,
leaving
gaps
in
the
overall
picture
.
For
the
majority
of
Belarusians
who
after
August
2020
,
the
deepening
,
the
continued
imprisonment
of
political
prisoners
,
and
the
government's
consolidation
of
power
have
meant
they
continue
to
in
with
no
clear
timeline
for
.
is
a
sudden
catalyst
;
is
a
sustained
,
structural
force
.
The
2020
crackdown
was
a
;
the
wage
gap
was
a
.
In
journalism
,
the
phrase
'first
permit'
(
Eurostat's
standard
unit
)
means
a
issued
to
someone
for
the
first
time
in
that
country
in
that
year
.
It
does
not
mean
the
person
has
only
just
arrived
?
they
may
have
been
there
a
permit
,
or
on
a
,
for
some
time
.
country
implies
a
degree
of
hospitality
or
responsibility
?
it
is
often
used
in
discussions
of
obligations
and
policies
.
country
is
more
neutral
and
describes
the
act
of
going
;
host
country
describes
the
state
of
being
there
.
Official
figures
are
when
it
comes
to
Belarusian
emigration
:
the
Lukashenko
government
has
never
comprehensive
emigration
statistics
,
and
data
captures
only
those
migrants
who
formally
with
authorities
.
Poland
became
the
most
significant
for
Belarusians
after
2020
:
a
National
Bank
of
Poland
study
found
that
almost
84%
of
Belarusian
respondents
in
Poland
had
arrived
in
2020
or
later
.
"
Remain
in
"
implies
both
involuntariness
and
indefiniteness
.
It
should
not
be
used
for
people
who
have
genuinely
to
stay
abroad
for
non
-
political
reasons
,
or
who
retain
a
realistic
option
of
.
Lithuania
,
as
the
primary
country
for
the
Belarusian
political
exile
community
,
faced
both
the
practical
challenge
of
processing
large
numbers
of
new
and
the
diplomatic
challenge
of
managing
its
relationship
with
the
Lukashenko
government
.
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