Matching Pairs DC500 Test 2Online version Error Causes and Prevention by Ricky Tuari 1 Datalink Layer 2 White Noise 3 Network Layer 4 Transport Layer 5 Impulse Noise 6 Inter modulation noise 7 Attenuation 8 Echo 9 Cross-Talk Cause: Signals from several circuits combine. Prevention: Move or shield the wires. IPv4, IPv6, IPsec, ARP, RARP,... TCP, UDP, DCCP,... Cause: Poor connections (causing signal to be reflected back to the source) Prevention: Fix the connections, or tune equipment. Cause: Movement of electrons (Thermal Energy) Prevention: Increase Signal Strength (Increase SNR) Cause: Gradual decrease in signal over distance (weakening of a signal) Prevention: Use repeaters or amplifiers 802.11, ATM, Ethernet, FDDI, PPP, L2TP,... Cause: Multiplexer guard bands are too small or wires too close together. Prevention: Increase the guard bands or move or shield the wires. Cause: Sudden increase in electricity Prevention: Shield or move the wires