Matching Pairs DC500 Test 2Online version Error Causes and Prevention by Ricky Tuari 1 White Noise 2 Attenuation 3 Impulse Noise 4 Datalink Layer 5 Transport Layer 6 Inter modulation noise 7 Network Layer 8 Echo 9 Cross-Talk Cause: Signals from several circuits combine. Prevention: Move or shield the wires. Cause: Gradual decrease in signal over distance (weakening of a signal) Prevention: Use repeaters or amplifiers Cause: Sudden increase in electricity Prevention: Shield or move the wires 802.11, ATM, Ethernet, FDDI, PPP, L2TP,... IPv4, IPv6, IPsec, ARP, RARP,... Cause: Multiplexer guard bands are too small or wires too close together. Prevention: Increase the guard bands or move or shield the wires. Cause: Movement of electrons (Thermal Energy) Prevention: Increase Signal Strength (Increase SNR) Cause: Poor connections (causing signal to be reflected back to the source) Prevention: Fix the connections, or tune equipment. TCP, UDP, DCCP,...