Understanding the Language of Special Education
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The United States law that mandates equity, accountability, and excellence in educating children with disabilities the exact same as students with no disabilities.
Individually, planned, specialized, intensive, goal-directed instruction.
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Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
Federal legislation and court rulings that have given all children with disabilities the right to educated in the least restrictive environment (LRE).
4
Learning Disability (LD)
A disorder in which one of the physiological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language manifests itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, or perform mathematical calculations.
5
Intellectual Disabilty (ID)
A pattern of persistent slow learning of basic motor and language skills during childhood that continues into adulthood with a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity.
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Optional Defiant Disorders
A recurrent pattern of negative, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures, which persists for at least six months.
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Individualized Education Program (IEP)
A plan developed to ensure that a child who has a disabilty identified under the law and is attending an elementary or secondary educational institution recieves specialized instruction and related services.
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Response to Intervention (RTI)
Multi-tiered and select standards approach that enables the early detection and intervention for children at academic or behavioral risks, assessing throughout all tiers.
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Functional Behavioral Assessment
Assessment used to identify the reason for, or purpose of a child's problem behaviors in order to develop and implement a plan to change the things that maintain the behavior and teach the child appropriate alternative behaviors.
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Vocational Rehabilitation (VR)
A service that children with disabiliteis may enroll in at age 16 to help them train for employment, maintain employment, and live independently.
A plan that is developed to ensure that a child who has a disability identified under the law and is attending an elementary or secondary educational institution receives accomadations that will ensure their academic success and access to the learning environment.
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Provides civil rights protection of people with disablities to private sector employment, public services, transportation, and telecommunications.
13
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
A developmental disability generally recognized before age three, that significantly affects verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and educational performance. Other characteristics of this disorder are repetitive actions, resistance to environmental change, and unusual responses to sensory experiences.
14
Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD)
Neurological disorder in which individulas display developmentally-inappropriate behaviors including poor attention skills and impulsivity.
A disorder of movement and posture control that has occured due to injury or lack of development in the brain during fetal life , newborn period, or early childhood.
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Deafness and Hearing Loss
When a child has a hearing loss of 90 decibles or greater. The inability to process some or all information through an auditory channel.
When hearing and visual impairments cause severe communication and other developmental and educational needs that the child can not be accomodated in special education programs solely for children with deafness or blindness.
18
Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS)
Muscular disorder present at birth in which a child has difficulty producing what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently. This is differrent from a developmenatal speech delay in which a child follows a typical path of speech development but does so slower than typically-developing peers.
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Developmental Disability (DD)
A physical or mental condition that causes a child to aquire skills at a slower rate than his/her peers, this continues indefinitely, and impairs the child's ability to function in society.
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Optional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
A recurrent pattern of negative, defiant , disobedient, and hostile behaviors toward authority figures, which persists for at least six months.
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