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Lab Testing Page 4

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Lab Testing Page 4Online version

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by kenneth thomas
1

collagen syphilis rheumatoid myocardial purine hyperthyroidism screening 7 AIDS not gout syphilis hepatitis Two hypothyroidism Hodgkin's liver RA

RA Latex :

The blood of many persons with rheumatoid arthritis contains a macroglobulin type of antibody called factor . It is found in blood of those without RA . However , the titers are higher in those with RA .

Normals : Negative or less than 1 : 20

Increased In : , SLE , TB , cancer , viral infections disease of the liver , lung or kidney , Sjogren's disease



Reed Sternberg Cell :

The characteristic picture of disease shows these cells . They are large multinucleated lymphocytes .



SGOT :

Serum Glutamic Oxalaocetic Transaminase .

Also known as Aspartate Amino Transferase ( AST ) . This is an enzyme associated with necrosis of heart , liver , skeletal , muscle , kidneys and other tissues . But it is almost absent from the blood serum . Following an infarct the enzyme is released into the blood .

The more severe the MI , the higher the level of SGOT

- rises 6 - 12 hours after MI

- 10x normal in 24 - 48 hours

- Returns to normal 7 - 10 days

Increased In : infarction , destructive liver conditions , , can be 125x normal in muscular dystrophies



SGPT :

Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase

Also known as Alanine Amino Transferase ( ALT ) . This is present in liver and muscle tissue . Primarily used to indicate disease .

Normals : 10 - 35 IU

Increased In : hepatitis , MI



T - 3 :

The thyroid gland takes iodine from the flood , combines it with tyrosine and converts it with T - 3 and T - 4 . T - 3 and T - 4 are released by the thyroid under the influence of TSH . TSH is a hormone from the anterior pituitary that is an activator or deactivator of thyroid activity . Triiodothyronine ( T - 3 ) is a thyroid hormone that is present in the blood all the time . It is more active in influencing metabolic rate than T - 4 .

Increased In : , pregnancy

Decreased In : cirrhosis and



T - 4 :

Thyroxine

The principal thyroid hormone is stored in the thyroid . Almost all the thyroid hormones in the blood are bound to proteins .



TPI :

Treponema Pallidum Immobilizing Agent

This is a blood test for . It is very specific for syphilis because it uses as the antigen the actual causative organism , live treponema pallidum .



Uric Acid :

The end product of metabolism , uric acid is a metabolite of nucleic acid degeneration . It is used primarily as an aid in the diagnosis of gout . Diet has an effect on uric acid only on a long term basis . The amount of increase is not directly related to the severity of Gout .

Normals : 3 . 5 - . 2mg%

Increased In : , renal failure , alcoholism , and leukemia

Decreased In : Multiple myeloma and Hodgkin's



VDRL :

Veneral Disease Research Laboratory

This is one of the serologic screening tests for . Serologic tests in syphilis generally became positive 1 - 3 weeks after the appearance of the primary lesion . VDRL is a great test for primary and secondary syphilis but sensitive for the later stages of the disease . False positives are quite common with associated diseases .



Western Blot :

There are a number of tests presently available used to screen for . Western Blot and another called Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ( IFA ) are specific , expensive and less likely to present false positives than other tests .



ELISA :

A test used on those who are taking or giving blood to rule out the possibility of AIDS . positive ELISA tests are necessary before ordering a Western Blot test .

The diagnosis of AIDS is based on symptoms , decreased T - helper cells and the presence of uncommon opportunistic infections and tumors as well as positive blood tests .



SMA :

Sequential Multiple Analyzer

AKA : Chem screen

This is not a test but the name of an instrument used an automated chemistry . It is capable of completing a variety of analysis on a serum sample at one time . It can be performed in denominations of 7 , 12 , 16 , 24 , and 60 . The results are plotted on a graph against the " normal " values .

The SMA 12 / 60 autoanalyzer is capable of performing 12 tests in an hour with one small sample of blood . The selections of tests are pre - programmed into the machine . The data is given on a printout rather than on the chart .

The classic tests associated with SMA 12 / 60 are :

Calcium

Glucose

BUN

Uric acid

Cholesterol

Total protein

Albumin

Bilirubin

Alkaline phosphatase

SGOT

Inorganic phosphorus

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