1.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. Certain words have been printedin bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. The education sector in India is in ferment, hit by a storm long waiting to happen. The butterfly that flapped its wings was the Much reiterated statement in a much publicized report that hardly a fourth of graduating engineers, and an even smaller percentage of other graduates, was of employable quality for IT-BPO jobs. This triggered a cyclone when similar views were echoed by other sectors which led to widespread debate. Increased industry-academia interaction, “finishing schools”, and other efforts were initiated as immediate measures to bridge skill deficits. These, however, did not work as some felt that these are but band-aid solutions; instead, radical systemic reform is necessary.Yet, there will be serious challenges to overdue reforms in the education system. In India as in many countries education is treated as a holy cow; sadly, the administrative system that oversees it has also been deceived today, unfortunately, there is no protest against selling drinking water or paying to be cured of illness, or for having to buy food when one is poor and starving; nor is there an outcry that in all these cases there are commercial companies operating on a profit making basis. Why then, is there an instinctively adverse reaction to the formal entry of for profit institutes in the realm of education? Is potable water, health or food, less basic a need, less important a right, than higher education? While there are strong arguments for free or subsidized higher education, we are not writing on a blank page. Some individuals and businessmen had entered this sector long back and found devious ways of making money, though the law stipulates that educational institutes must be 'not-for-profit' trusts or societies. Yet, there is opposition to the entry of 'for- profit' cooperates, which would be more transparent and accountable. As a result, desperately needed investment in promoting the widerreach of quality education has been stagnated at a time when financial figures indicate that the allocation of funds for the purpose is but a fourth of the need. Well-run corporate organizations, within an appropriate regulatory framework, would be far better than the so called trusts which-barring some note worthy exceptions are a blot on education. However, it is not necessarily a question ofchoosing one over the other: different organizational forms can coexist, as they do in the health sector. A regulatory framework which creates competition, in tandem with a rating system, would automatically ensure the quality and relevance of education. Asin sectors like telecom, and packaged goods, organizations will quickly expand into the hinterland to tap the large unmet demand. Easy Loan/scholarship arrangements would ensure affordability and access. The only real structural reform in higher education was the creation of the institutes for technology and management. They were also given autonomy and freedom beyond that of the universities. However, in the last few years, determined efforts have been under way to curb their autonomy. These institutes, however, need freedom to decide on recruitment, salaries and admissions,so as to compete globally.However, such institutes will be few. Therefore, we need a regulatory framework that will enable and encourage States and the Centre, genuine philanthropists and also corporate to set up quality educational institutions. The regulatory systemneeds only to ensure transparency, accountability, competition and widely-available independent assessments or ratings. It is time for radical thinking, bold experimentation and new structures; it is time for the government to bite the bullet.
