Exam 2 Online version Answer questions by Adrienne Joseph 1 Which statement describing delirium is correct? Choose one or more answers a Symptoms of delirium are irreversible b The onset of delirium is slow and insidious. c Symptoms of delirium are stable and unchanging. d Causes include electrolyte imbalances and cerebral anoxia e Reduction of urine output f Orientation to person, place, and time 2 Ms. Dale states that she does not need the TV turned on because she cannot see very well. Normal visual changes in older adults include all of the following except: a Double vision b Sensitivity to glare c Decreased visual acuity d Decreased accommodation to darkness 3 Mr. DeLone states that he is worried about his parents’ plans to retire. All of the following would be appropriate responses regarding retirement of older adults except: a Retirement may affect an individual’s physical and psychological functioning b Positive adjustment is often related to how much a person planned for the retirement c Reactions to retirement are influenced by the importance that has been attached to the work role. d Retirement for most persons represents a sudden shock that is irreversibly damaging to self-image and self-esteem 4 Which statement about loss is accurate? a Loss may be maturational, situational, or both. b The degree of stress experienced is unrelated to the type of loss c Loss is only experienced when there is an actual absence of something valued d The more an individual has invested in what is lost, the less the feeling of loss 5 A hospice program emphasizes: a Prolongation of life b Hospital-based care c Palliative treatment and control of symptoms d Curative treatment and alleviation of symptoms 6 Trying questionable and experimental forms of therapy is a behavior that is characteristic of which stage of dying? a Anger b Bargaining c Depression d Acceptance 7 All of the following are crucial needs of the dying patient except: Choose one or more answers a Control of pain b Love and belonging c Freedom from decision making d Preservation of dignity and self-worth 8 A patient’s family members ask the nurse what bodily changes they should expect when their relative’s death is imminent. Which points does the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) Choose one or more answers a Warm hands and feet b Noisy breathing c Limited intake of food d Consistent shallow breaths 9 The body fluids constituting the interstitial fluid and blood plasma are: Choose one or more answers a Hypotonic b Hypertonic c Intracellular d Extracellular 10 Mrs. Green’s arterial blood gas results are as follows: pH, 7.32; PaCO2, 52 mm Hg; PaO2, 78 mm Hg; HCO3−, 24 mEq/L. Mrs. Green has: Choose one or more answers a Metabolic acidosis b Metabolic alkalosis c Respiratory acidosis d Respiratory alkalosis 11 Mr. Frank is an 82-year-old patient who has had a 3-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. Which symptom would you expect to find on a physical examination? Choose one or more answers a Tachycardia b Hypertension c Neck vein distention d Crackles in the lungs 12 Which of the following is most likely to result in respiratory alkalosis? Choose one or more answers a Steroid use b Fad dieting c Hyperventilation d Chronic alcoholism 13 The 24-hour day–night cycle is known as: Choose one or more answers a Ultradian rhythm b Circadian rhythm c Infradium rhythm d Non-REM rhythm 14 Which of the following substances will promote normal sleep patterns? Choose one or more answers a Alcohol b Narcotics c l-Tryptophan d Beta-blockers 15 All of the following are symptoms of sleep deprivation except: Choose one or more answers a Irritability b Hyperactivity c Decreased motivation d Rise in body temperature 16 Mrs. Peterson complains of difficulty falling asleep, awakening earlier than desired, and not feeling rested. She attributes these problems to leg pain that is secondary to her arthritis. What would be the appropriate nursing diagnosis for her? Choose one or more answers a Fatigue related to leg pain b Insomnia related to arthritis c Deficient knowledge related to sleep hygiene measures d Insomnia related to chronic leg pain 17 A nursing care plan for a patient with sleep problems has been implemented. All of the following would be expected outcomes except: Choose one or more answers a Patient reports satisfaction with amount of sleep b Patient falls asleep within 1 hour of going to bed. c Patient reports no episodes of awakening during the night. d Patient rates sleep as an 8 or above on the visual analog scale. 18 Which nursing interventions are appropriate to include in a plan of care to promote sleep for patients who are hospitalized? (Select all that apply.) Choose one or more answers a Give patient a cup of tea one hour before bedtime b Plan vital signs to be taken before patients are asleep c Turn TV on 15 minutes before bedtime d Have patients follow at-home bedtime schedule e Close the door to patients’ rooms at bedtime 19 Pain is a protective mechanism warning of tissue injury and is largely a(n): Choose one or more answers a Objective experience b Subjective experience c Acute symptom of short duration d Symptom of a severe illness or disease 20 A substance that can cause analgesia when it attaches to opiate receptors in the brain is: Choose one or more answers a Endorphin b Bradykinin c Substance P d Prostaglandin 21 To adequately assess the quality of a patient’s pain, which question would be appropriate? Choose one or more answers a “Is it a sharp pain or a dull pain?” b “Tell me what your pain feels like.” c “Is your pain a crushing sensation?” d “How long have you had this pain?” 22 The use of patient distraction in pain control is based on the principle that: Choose one or more answers a Small C fibers transmit impulses via the spinothalamic tract. b The reticular formation can send inhibitory signals to gating mechanisms c Large A fibers compete with pain impulses to close gates to painful stimuli. d Transmission of pain impulses from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex can be inhibited.
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