PHA100N Week One Clayton Review

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pharmacology

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pharmacology

nursing

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Dr. David Myers

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PHA100N Week One Clayton ReviewOnline version pharmacology by Dr. David Myers 1 Which range of the normal adult dose, with the amount of medication increasing over time, is used when initiating drug therapy in elderly adults? Choose one or more answers a One-fourth to one-third b One-eighth to one-fourth c One-third to one-half d One-half to three-fourths 2 Which factor associated with aging increases the risk of gastric irritation from nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in older adults? Choose one or more answers a Decreased splanchnic blood flow b Delayed gastric emptying c Prolonged secretion of gastric acid d Loss of cells from the gastric plexus 3 Which principle of pharmacokinetics must the nurse keep in mind when administering medication to an infant? Choose one or more answers a There is an increased risk of toxicity with use of topical agents b Absorption of oral medications is more predictable but more rapid than in adults c Protein binding of drugs is greater than in adults d Metabolism of drugs by the kidneys is slow, so reduced dosage is needed 4 Which factor causes women to experience more problems than men when taking aspirin? Choose one or more answers a Decreased gastric emptying b Amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase c Gastric acidity d Levels of hepatic enzymes 5 Which causes the most concern when administering medication to a patient with decreased albumin and globulin levels? Choose one or more answers a Water soluble drugs will be absorbed more completely b Metabolism of protein bound drugs will be decreased, increasing the potential for adverse reactions. c There may be increased free protein-bound drugs available, increasing the potential for adverse drug reactions. d There may be an increase in the amount of lipid soluble drugs in the system. 6 Which life stage pertains to a 66-year-old patient ? a Adult b Older adult c Elderly d Aged 7 Which life stage best describes a 63-year-old patient? a Adult b Older adult c Elderly d Aged 8 A student nurse is preparing to administer a topical medication to a pediatric patient. Which statement by the student indicates a correct understanding about topical drug absorption in this patient? a “Topical administration with percutaneous absorption is usually effective in infants.” b “Infants wearing plastic-coated diapers are more susceptible to skin absorption.” c “Because the skin is not fully hydrated at this age, water-soluble drugs are not readily absorbed.” d “Inflammation decreases the amount of drug absorbed.” 9 Which guideline does the nurse follow when administering oral medication to a preschool child? a Placing the capsule or tablet under the tongue b Using chewable tablets if the child’s teeth are loose c Supporting the child’s head and holding the child in the lap d Using a follow-up rinse with a flavored drink 10 Which phenomenon occurs in the body as a person ages? a Lean body mass decreases b Total body water increases. c Total fat content decreases d Protein needs peak at adolescence. 11 Which factors affect the gastrointestinal absorption of medicines? (Select all that apply.) Choose one or more answers a Gastric pH b Gastric emptying time c Blood flow of the mucous lining of the stomach and intestines d Drug distribution 12 Which is the best description of a toxic reaction to a drug? a Psychological craving b Physiologic dependence c Deleterious adverse effect d Individual unexpected effect 13 Two patients, one thin and one obese, each receive a highly lipid soluble drug. Which difference in pharmacokinetics does the nurse expect in the obese patient as compared with the thin patient? a Drug distribution will be more rapid. b Drug absorption will be impaired. c Drug metabolism will be incomplete. d Drug elimination will be slowed 14 A patient states he is allergic to the medication the nurse is ready to administer to him. Which action should be implemented next? a Give the medication as ordered and record the patient’s statements in the nurse’s notes. b Give the medication and monitor the patient at regular intervals for adverse effects. c Withhold the medication and notify the prescriber of the situation d Withhold the medication and check the drug insert for information on reactions to the drug. 15 A patient takes two medications. Drug A is taken once per day; drug B is taken every 8 hours. Which conclusion about drug A is correct? a It is less toxic than drug B. b It has a longer half-life than drug B c It has a higher rate of protein binding than drug B d It has a wider therapeutic range than drug B. 16 Which aspect of pharmakinetics should the nurse be most concerned with when caring for a patient with abnormal functioning of hepatic enzymes? a Absorption b Distribution c Metabolism d Excretion 17 Which effect of protein binding on drugs in the bloodstream is accurate? a Accumulation of the drug b Increased risk of allergic reaction c Inactivation of the drug d Precipitation of an idiosyncratic reaction 18 A patient is receiving a medication to increase urine output. The patient’s urinary output increases significantly and the blood pressure decreases slightly. Which type of side effect is a decrease in blood pressure? a Therapeutic b Desired c Common d Toxic 19 Which is the most common symptom of a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication? a Wheezing b Urticaria c Anaphylaxis d Vomiting 20 Which aspect of genetic makeup is most likely to alter a person’s response to medication? a Absorption b Distribution c Metabolism d Excretion 21 A patient is taking an antacid concurrently with ketoconazole. The antacid inhibits the dissolution of ketoconazole. Which term accurately describes this result? a Displacement b Accumulation c Drug interaction d Allergic reaction 22 Which description best defines a medication? a Chemical substance that requires a prescription by a health professional b Drug used for a therapeutic effect to treat or prevent an illness c Pharmacologic preparation used to reverse disease d Plant, animal, or mineral substance that prevents disease 23 Which definition is accurate for the trade name of a drug? a The name under which the drug is listed in the United States Pharmacopeia. b The name given to the drug by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). c The proprietary name of the drug given by a manufacturer d The chemical name of the drug given by its developer. 24 Which correctly describes the difference between Schedule II drugs and Schedule V drugs? a Schedule II drugs have less potential for abuse. b Schedule V drugs lack accepted safety measures for use. c Schedule II drugs are more likely to cause dependence d Schedule V drugs have greater risk for toxicity.

PHA100N Week One Clayton ReviewOnline version

pharmacology

by Dr. David Myers

Which range of the normal adult dose, with the amount of medication increasing over time, is used when initiating drug therapy in elderly adults?

Choose one or more answers

One-fourth to one-third

One-eighth to one-fourth

One-third to one-half

One-half to three-fourths

Which factor associated with aging increases the risk of gastric irritation from nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in older adults?

Choose one or more answers

Decreased splanchnic blood flow

Delayed gastric emptying

Prolonged secretion of gastric acid

Loss of cells from the gastric plexus

Which principle of pharmacokinetics must the nurse keep in mind when administering medication to an infant?

Choose one or more answers

There is an increased risk of toxicity with use of topical agents

Absorption of oral medications is more predictable but more rapid than in adults

Protein binding of drugs is greater than in adults

Metabolism of drugs by the kidneys is slow, so reduced dosage is needed

Which factor causes women to experience more problems than men when taking aspirin?

Choose one or more answers

Decreased gastric emptying

Amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase

Gastric acidity

Levels of hepatic enzymes

Which causes the most concern when administering medication to a patient with decreased albumin and globulin levels?

Choose one or more answers

Water soluble drugs will be absorbed more completely

Metabolism of protein bound drugs will be decreased, increasing the potential for adverse reactions.

There may be increased free protein-bound drugs available, increasing the potential for adverse drug reactions.

There may be an increase in the amount of lipid soluble drugs in the system.

Which life stage pertains to a 66-year-old patient ?

Adult

Older adult

Elderly

Aged

Which life stage best describes a 63-year-old patient?

Adult

Older adult

Elderly

Aged

A student nurse is preparing to administer a topical medication to a pediatric patient. Which statement by the student indicates a correct understanding about topical drug absorption in this patient?

“Topical administration with percutaneous absorption is usually effective in infants.”

“Infants wearing plastic-coated diapers are more susceptible to skin absorption.”

“Because the skin is not fully hydrated at this age, water-soluble drugs are not readily absorbed.”

“Inflammation decreases the amount of drug absorbed.”

Which guideline does the nurse follow when administering oral medication to a preschool child?

Placing the capsule or tablet under the tongue

Using chewable tablets if the child’s teeth are loose

Supporting the child’s head and holding the child in the lap

Using a follow-up rinse with a flavored drink

Which phenomenon occurs in the body as a person ages?

Lean body mass decreases

Total body water increases.

Total fat content decreases

Protein needs peak at adolescence.

Which factors affect the gastrointestinal absorption of medicines? (Select all that apply.)

Choose one or more answers

Gastric pH

Gastric emptying time

Blood flow of the mucous lining of the stomach and intestines

Drug distribution

Which is the best description of a toxic reaction to a drug?

Psychological craving

Physiologic dependence

Deleterious adverse effect

Individual unexpected effect

Two patients, one thin and one obese, each receive a highly lipid soluble drug. Which difference in pharmacokinetics does the nurse expect in the obese patient as compared with the thin patient?

Drug distribution will be more rapid.

Drug absorption will be impaired.

Drug metabolism will be incomplete.

Drug elimination will be slowed

A patient states he is allergic to the medication the nurse is ready to administer to him. Which action should be implemented next?

Give the medication as ordered and record the patient’s statements in the nurse’s notes.

Give the medication and monitor the patient at regular intervals for adverse effects.

Withhold the medication and notify the prescriber of the situation

Withhold the medication and check the drug insert for information on reactions to the drug.

A patient takes two medications. Drug A is taken once per day; drug B is taken every 8 hours. Which conclusion about drug A is correct?

It is less toxic than drug B.

It has a longer half-life than drug B

It has a higher rate of protein binding than drug B

It has a wider therapeutic range than drug B.

Which aspect of pharmakinetics should the nurse be most concerned with when caring for a patient with abnormal functioning of hepatic enzymes?

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

Which effect of protein binding on drugs in the bloodstream is accurate?

Accumulation of the drug

Increased risk of allergic reaction

Inactivation of the drug

Precipitation of an idiosyncratic reaction

A patient is receiving a medication to increase urine output. The patient’s urinary output increases significantly and the blood pressure decreases slightly. Which type of side effect is a decrease in blood pressure?

Therapeutic

Desired

Common

Toxic

Which is the most common symptom of a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication?

Wheezing

Urticaria

Anaphylaxis

Vomiting

Which aspect of genetic makeup is most likely to alter a person’s response to medication?

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

A patient is taking an antacid concurrently with ketoconazole. The antacid inhibits the dissolution of ketoconazole. Which term accurately describes this result?

Displacement

Accumulation

Drug interaction

Allergic reaction

Which description best defines a medication?

Chemical substance that requires a prescription by a health professional

Drug used for a therapeutic effect to treat or prevent an illness

Pharmacologic preparation used to reverse disease

Plant, animal, or mineral substance that prevents disease

Which definition is accurate for the trade name of a drug?

The name under which the drug is listed in the United States Pharmacopeia.

The name given to the drug by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The proprietary name of the drug given by a manufacturer

The chemical name of the drug given by its developer.

Which correctly describes the difference between Schedule II drugs and Schedule V drugs?

Schedule II drugs have less potential for abuse.

Schedule V drugs lack accepted safety measures for use.

Schedule II drugs are more likely to cause dependence

Schedule V drugs have greater risk for toxicity.

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